Chapter 1: Lesson 3 - Cradles Of Early Science Flashcards
Covers the entire area of Central America from southern Mexico up to the border of South America
Mesoamerica
It’s one of the prominent civilizations during the ancient period that lasted for approximately 2000 years
Mayan civilization
Are known for their works and astronomy. They integrated their advanced knowledge of astronomy in the design of their temples and other religious structures allowing them to use these temples for conducting astronomical observation
Mayans
Are acknowledged for using two complicated calendar systems to measure time
Mayan
They also developed the technology for growing different crops and for building elegant cities using ordinary machineries and tools
Mayans
Most scientifically advanced people in Mesoamerica
The mayans
The Mayans are the worlds first 70 station to use writing system known as
Mayan hieroglyphics 
They are also known in mathematics and created a number system based on the 20 and developed the concept of zero and positional value
Mayans
Is a renowned civilization in Mesoamerica
Incan civilization
They develop scientific ideas and technology such as:
1. Building roads covered with stones
2. Constructing stone structures that could survive earthquakes and other natural calamities
3. Developing quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can enter interpret
4. Inventing a Calendar with 12 months to mark the religious festivals and prepare them for planting season
5. Developing irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to grow in all types of land
6. Building the first suspension bridge
7. Creating Inca textiles
Incan Civilization 
Following the Inca the _____ civilization that has also created extensive contributions to science and technology
Aztec civilization
The Aztec puts value on education. Their children are mandated to get education regardless of their social class, gender, or age.
Mandatory education
They used a this type of medication That could prevent muscle spasms and relax muscles which could help during surgery
Antispasmodic medication
It is a form of Aztec technology for agriculture in which the land was divided into rectangular area surrounded by canals
Chinampa
It is a light narrow boat used for traveling in water systems
Invention of the canoe
The Aztec in Mexico developed these as they valued the cacao beans as part of their offerings to the gods
chocolates
This calendar enabled them to plan activities , rituals, and planting season.
Aztec calendar
The largest continent in the world, is the home of several ancient civilization’s. It is a home to diverse cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities.
Asia
Are huge peninsula bordered by vast bodies of water and fortified by mountains in its northern boarders
India
Indians developed a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC that is still practiced as a form of alternative medicine
Ayurveda
A famous text in ancient India, describes different surgical procedures and other medical procedures that are useful in practicing medicine during that period.
Susrutasamhita of sustruta
They developed theories on the configuration of the universe, the spherical self supporting earth, and the year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days each.
Ancient India
The Indian astronomer and mathematician
Aryabhata (476-550)
In 628 AD, another Indian suggested that: gravity was a force of attraction, and lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally through out the world
Brahmagupta
Another Indian who is considered as the founder of mathematical analysis
Madhava of Sangamagrama
Among the ancient civilization’s with considerable contributions to areas like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and music among others.
China
Are recognized for their alternative medicines, which are a product of their centuries of experiences and discovery.
Chinese
Discoveries and inventions of the Chinese that are known in the west only by the end of the middle ages
Compass, papermaking, gun powder, and printing tools
They have also invented other tools like iron plough, wheelbarrow, and propeller among others
Chinese
They also developed designs of different models of bridges, invented the first seismological detector, and developed the first dry dock facility
Chinese
In astronomy they recorded and preserved several data on supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses, and comets, to understand better the heavenly bodies and their effects to the world. They observe heavenly bodies to predict weather changes and seasons. They used lunar calendars and develop knowledge in seismology that made them more prepared in times of natural calamities.
Chinese
Dominantly populate middle east countries
Muslims
In mathematics he gave his name to the concepts of algorithm
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
The term algebra is derived from
al-jabr
Some scholars considered him to be the father of chemistry
Jābir ibn Hayyān
In medicine, he founded the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials
Ibn Sina
The two most notable works of Ibn Sina were used as the standard medicinal texts in both the Middle East and a Europe well into the 17th century
Book of Healing and Canon of Medicine
A continent that is blessed with many natural and mineral resources
Africa
The medieval forerunner of chemistry
Alchemy
A tool for multiplication, division, and simple mathematical calculation or a six-month lunar calendar, is considered to be the oldest known mathematical artifact dated from 35,000 B.C.E.
Lebombe Bone
