Chapter 1 - Legal principles and International Law

Question 1

Types of Law
Civil Law - Definition

Answer 1

Disputes between private individuals and organisations

Question 2

Types of Law
Civil Law - Terminology

Answer 2

Claimant and defendant
Defendant found liable

Question 3

Types of Law
Civil Law - Aim of legal action

Answer 3

Compensation

Question 4

Types of Law
Civil Law - Settlement

Answer 4

Could be reached without court action

Question 5

Types of Law
Civil Law - Standard of proof

Answer 5

On the balance of probability

Question 6

Types of Law
Civil Law - Burden of proof

Answer 6

Claimant must prove

Question 7

Types of Law
Civil Law - Main remedies

Answer 7

Damages, specific performance, injunction

Question 8

Types of Law
Civil Law - Who brings the action?

Answer 8

Claimant

Question 9

Types of Law
Civil Law - Who decides the outcome?

Answer 9

Judge unless set outside court than agreement between parties

Question 10

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Definition

Answer 10

Prohibited by law

Question 11

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Terminology

Answer 11

Prosecution and accused
Accused found guilty
Punishment

Question 12

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Settlement

Answer 12

Court must be used

Question 13

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Standard of proof

Answer 13

Beyond reasonable doubt

Question 14

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Burden of proof

Answer 14

Prosecution must prove

Question 15

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Main remedies

Answer 15

Fine or imprisonment

Question 16

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Who brings the action?

Answer 16

The state (prosecution)

Question 17

Types of Law
Criminal Law - Who decides the outcome?

Answer 17

Jury

Question 18

Who is legislation created by?

Answer 18

Parliament

Question 19

What is Legislation sometimes called?

Answer 19

Statue law

Question 20

What can Parliament do regarding legislation?

Answer 20

• Repeal earlier legislation
• Overrule case law
• Make new law
• Codify case law

Question 21

What is secondary legislation also known as?

Answer 21

Delegated legislation

Question 22

Who creates secondary legislation?

Answer 22

Specialist individuals as directed by an Act of Parliament

Question 23

Who creates primary legislation?

Answer 23

Acts of Parliament

Question 24

What is case law also known as?

Answer 24

Common law

Question 25

What is case law?

Answer 25

Law that has evolved through time

Question 26

International Law - Choice of laws

Answer 26

Parties can agree in advance which laws will apply in case of dispute

Question 27

International Law

Answer 27

Parties can choose to adopt international rules developed by United Nations and International Chamber of Commerce

Question 28

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods 1980 (UNCISG)

Answer 28

Source of contract law parties in different countries can choose to apply to their dealings

Question 29

Obligations of the buyer under United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods 1980 (UNCISG)

Answer 29

To pay the price for the goofs and comply with any formalities to enable payment to be made

Question 30

Obligations of the seller under United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods 1980 (UNCISG)

Answer 30

To deliver the goods to the place and at the time agreed in the contract To deliver goods of the quantity, quality and description set out in the contract and to package them in the agreed manner

Question 31

What happens if either party fails to meet their obligations?

Answer 31

The other party can claim damages for loss suffered

Question 32

When does risk pass when carriage of goods is included in the contract?

Answer 32

At the time specified in the contract, or, if not specified, when goods are passed to the first carrier

Question 33

When does risk pass when carriage of goods is not included in the contract?

Answer 33

Where the buyer takes over the foods or when the seller pits them at the buyer's disposal

Question 34

When does risk pass when the goods sold in transit?

Answer 34

When the contract is made, regardless of where the goods are

Question 35

What is ICC Incoterms?

Answer 35

Incoterms is the abbreviation of International Contract Terms These are the standard terms used to form international contracts to promote uniformity

Question 36

Who is Islamic finance is governed by?

Answer 36

Sharia law

Question 37

Riba (usury)

Answer 37

The concept of unlawful gain in Sharia law. It is usually translated as interest.

Question 38

What is sustainability?

Answer 38

describes a world of thriving economies and just societies based on what nature can afford.

Question 39

What legislation protects Environmental sustainability?

Answer 39

Environment Act 2021 Companies Act 2006

Question 40

What legislation protects Social sustainability?

Answer 40

Equality Act 2010 Employment rights Act 1996 National Minimum Wages Act 1998 Bribery Act 2010 Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 Money Laundering Regulations 2017

Question 41

What legislation protects Governance?

Answer 41

Data Protection 2018