Chapter 1 Key Terms and Topics

Question 1

cellulose

Answer 1

polymer of glucose

Question 2

polymer of glucose

Answer 2

cellulose

Question 3

provide main source of structural support to bacterial cell wall

Answer 3

peptidoglycan; PPG; PG

Question 4

relationships between groups of organisms due to relatedness by decent

Answer 4

phylogeny

Question 5

2+ polypeptides assemble, forming a multiunit protein

Answer 5

quaternary structure

Question 6

created by additional bonds between functional groups and 3D conformation

Answer 6

tertiary structure

Question 7

assigning names to organisms

Answer 7

nomenclature

Question 8

lipids containing phosphate, fatty acids, and glyceral

Answer 8

phospholipids

Question 9

Whittaker’s Classifications

Answer 9

monera, protista, fungi, animilia, plantae

Question 10

indicator of evolutionary relatedness among organisms

Answer 10

rRNA; ribosomal RNA

Question 11

Domains

Answer 11

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 12

long, fibrous polymer composed of glucose found in the cell walls of plants and algae

Answer 12

cellulose

Question 13

polysaccharide found in seaweed used to make a solid culture media

Answer 13

agar; agarose

Question 14

molecule of lipids and carbs found in gram negative cell walls; compound responsible for causing fever and shock

Answer 14

lipopolysaccharide; LPS; endotoxin

Question 15

contains 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

Answer 15

triglycerides

Question 16

contains at least on carbon double bond

Answer 16

unsaturated fats

Question 17

contains NO double bonds between carbons

Answer 17

saturated fats

Question 18

order of most general to most specific classifications

Answer 18

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 19

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) most helpful for…

Answer 19

amplifying DNA segments, diagnosing diseases, and crime scene investigations

Question 20

germ theory of disease

Answer 20

microbes or ubiquitous and some cause infections

Question 21

forms macromolecules by joining monomers (except for lipids)

Answer 21

polymerization

Question 22

involves the transfer on genetical material from one organism to another

Answer 22

recombinant DNA technology

Question 23

peptidoglycan; PPG; PG

Answer 23

provides structural support for bacterial cell walls

Question 24

lipopolysaccharide; LPS; endotoxin

Answer 24

molecule of carbohydrate found in gram negative cell walls; responsible for causing fever and shock

Question 25

chitin

Answer 25

exoskeleton some fungi contain; polymer of glucosamine

Question 26

glycocalyx

Answer 26

protective outer-layer; plays a role in attachment of cells to one another

Question 27

triglyceride

Answer 27

storage lipid