Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards
American Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology (AACFP)
- organization of behavioral scientists and practitioners
- concerned with delivery of high quality mental health services to criminal offenders
- promotes research on etiology, assessment, and treatment of criminal behavior
American Psychological Association (APA)
- 1987, APA developed model act for state licensure of psychologist
- 1991, developed specialty guidelines for forensic psychologists
- 2001, they recognized forensic psychology as a specialty
- 2002, ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct
- based in D.C., largest association of psychologists worldwide
- developed narrow definition of FP “to include primarily clinical aspects of forensic assessment, treatment, and consultation”
Association for Psychological Science (APS)
- nonprofit organization of psychologists dedicated to the advancement of psychology as a science
- next largest psychological association next to APA
Availability heuristic
-tendency to believe an event is more widespread and frequent due to news media highlights and dramatization of significance
Clinical psychologist
-doctoral level psychologist trained in research, assessment, diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of mental or behavioral disorders
Computer evidence recovery
(forensic data recovery)
- email and internet analysis
- hard drive and diskette recovery techniques of orphaned, fragmented, and erased data
- trained to search, seize, analyze magnetic media to the execution of search warrant or subpoena
- powerful tool to clear a person of wrongdoing
Correctional psychologist
- has specific training in correctional philosophy, systems, offender management, forensic report writing, treatment aimed at reducing recidivism, outcome research
- major goal is to help in inmate rehabilitation, treatment, and integration in to the community (probation and parole services)
- offer consultative services relating to corrections staff
Counseling psychologist
-trained to evaluate and treat adjustment problems (similar to clinical psychologist)
Diplomate
-professional designation signifying a person has been certified as having advanced knowledge in a particular specialty
Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct
- provides ethical guidelines for appropriate behavior in clinical and research practice for psychologists
- professional psychologists are ethically obligated to comply with the standards pertaining to their practice
- violation of ethics can result in loss of license to practice
Family forensic psychology
-specialty with extensive knowledge about human development, family dynamics/systems, and the court system
Forensic entomology
-study of insects (and anthropod relatives) as it relates to legal issues.
Forensic neuropsychology
-application of knowledge from neuropsychology profession to legal matters
(neuropsychology- study of psychological effects of brain and neurological damage and dysfunction on human behavior)
Forensic psychiatrist/psychologist
- Psychiatrist is an M.D. trained to provide direct treatment to persons with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems relating to legal matters, and CAN prescribe medication
- Psychologist is trained to provide direct treatment to persons with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems relating to legal matters, and can NOT prescribe medication
Forensic school psychology
- forensic school psychologists deal with legal matters in an educational context
- assessment and counseling services are important roles for forensic school psychologist in youth correctional facilities
Industrial/organizational psychology
- branch of psychology concerned with organizations
- help develop strategies to build better businesses, and improve employee well-being
Legal Psychology
-scientific study of a wide assortment of topics that reflect the close relationship between psychology and the courts
Police psychology
-application of psychological princples and clinical skills to law enforcement and public safety
Questioned document examination/analysis
-examination of the validity of documents (in order to establish authorship and authenticity)
Specialty guidelines for forensic psychologists
- published in 1991 by the American Academy of Forensic Psychology and American Psychology Law Society
- “FP are responsible for a fundamental and resonable amount of knowledge and understanding of the legal and professional standards that govern their participation as experts in legal proceedings”
Diminished capacity
-defendant’s inability to form intent to commit crime due to the inability to understand (mental retardation, intoxication, mental disorder) at time of commission of crime
Psychological autopsy
- effort to determine what may have been in the mind of a deceased person leading up to and at the time of death
- particularly if death appears suicide
