Chapter 1 Key Terms!

Question 1

authoritarianism

Answer 1

gov’t itself is fully controlled by the ruler. social/economic institutions are not under gov’t control

Question 2

authority

Answer 2

right/power of a gov’t or other entity to enforce decisions

Question 3

Bill of Rights

Answer 3

First 10 Amendments

Question 4

capitalism

Answer 4

economic system shown by the private ownership of wealth creating assets, free markets and freedom of contract

Question 5

civil liberties

Answer 5

personal freedoms; including freedom of speech/religion

Question 6

conservatism

Answer 6

limited role for gov’t in helping ppl, support for traditional values/lifestyles, and cautious response to change

Question 7

conservative movement

Answer 7

movement in 1950s that provides ideological framework for conservative politics

Question 8

demoncracy

Answer 8

system of a gov’t in which political authority is vested in the ppl

Question 9

democratic republic

Answer 9

leaders elected by the ppl make and enforce laws/policies

Question 10

direct democracy

Answer 10

political decisions are made by the ppl directly, rather than by elected reps.

Question 11

elite theory

Answer 11

fight that society is ruled by small # of ppl who exercise power to further self interest

Question 12

equality

Answer 12

idea that all ppl are equal of worth <3

Question 13

government

Answer 13

has ultimate auth for making decisions that resolve conflicts/grant benefits/privileges within a society

Question 14

ideology

Answer 14

set of beliefs abt nature of ppl and abt the role of an institution or gov’t

Question 15

initiative

Answer 15

voters can petition to vote on law or amendment

Question 16

insitution

Answer 16

performs certain functions for society

Question 17

legitimacy

Answer 17

acceptance of the right/power of a gov’t or other entity to exercise auth

Question 18

liberalism

Answer 18

set of beliefs fir positive gov’t action to improve welfare, civil rights, and political/social change

Question 19

libertarianism

Answer 19

ideology based on skepticism or opposition towards gov’t activities

Question 20

liberty

Answer 20

greatest freedom of the person, which is consistent with freedom of all other ppl in the society

Question 21

limited gov’t

Answer 21

has powers that are limited either thru written document or shared beliefs

Question 22

majoritarianism

Answer 22

theory in democracy, that gov’t should do what the majority of the ppl want

Question 23

majority rule

Answer 23

greatest # of citizens in any political unit should select officials/determine policies

Question 24

order

Answer 24

state of peace/security; protect members from violence and criminal activity

Question 25

pluralism

Answer 25

theory that views conflict among interest grps. decision making is done by competition and compromise.

Question 26

political structure

Answer 26

patterned set of ideas, values and ways of thinking abt gov't and politics that shape ppl.

Question 27

political socialization

Answer 27

process where ppl acquire political beliefs/values

Question 28

politics

Answer 28

struggle over power; influence within organizations or grps that can grant/withhold benefits/privileges

Question 29

popular sovereignty

Answer 29

concept that ultimate authority is based on the will of the ppl

Question 30

progressive

Answer 30

alternative to liberal

Question 31

property

Answer 31

is or may be subject to ownership

Question 32

recall

Answer 32

procedure allowing ppl to vote/dismiss an elected official from office before their term is up

Question 33

referendum

Answer 33

citizens vote directly on particular legislative or policy matters.

Question 34

representative democracy

Answer 34

form of gov't where leaders elected by the ppl make and enforce laws/policies, but monarchy may be retained

Question 35

republic

Answer 35

form of gov't where power rests with the ppl

Question 36

socialism

Answer 36

ideology based on support for economic/social equality. envisioned businesses were taken over by the gov't or employee cooperatives

Question 37

totalitarian regime

Answer 37

form of gov't that controls all aspects of political, social, and economic life in a nation

Question 38

universal suffrage

Answer 38

the right of all adults to vote for their reps

Question 39

working class

Answer 39

currently those w/ no college education - usually manual or unskilled labor

Question 40

When citizens of a nation do not enjoy liberty, the gov't frequently will: A. abolish the right to fair trial B. provide gov't funds to churches C. engage in military aggression

Answer 40

A. abolish the right to fair trial

Question 41

When authority is broadly accepted, we say it has: a. popularity. b. validity. c. legitimacy

Answer 41

c. legitimacy

Question 42

A principal characteristic of direct democracy is that: a. all lawful residents have citizenship rights. b. laws are made by the entire citizenry acting together c. the power of the government is limited to protect minorities.

Answer 42

b. laws are made by the entire citizenry acting together

Question 42

A democratic republic is based on all of the following principles except: a. popular sovereignty. b. majority rule. c. a limited monarchy – representative republic

Answer 42

c. a limited monarchy – representative republic

Question 43

A word or phrase used to describe our democratic system in terms of competition among groups is: a. majoritarianism. b. pluralism c. elite theory.

Answer 43

b. pluralism

Question 44

Many of our basic guarantees of liberty (freedom rights) are found in a. the Bible. b. the Declaration of Independence. c. the Bill of Rights

Answer 44

c. the Bill of Rights

Question 45

Our economic system, under which property consists not only of personal possessions but also of wealth-creating assets, is called: a. capitalism b. industrialism. c. democracy.

Answer 45

a. capitalism

Question 46

A major theme of American politics during the twenty-first century has been: a. arguments over whether all citizens should have the right to vote. b. controversies over the proper size of government c. disputes as to the role of the military.

Answer 46

b. controversies over the proper size of government

Question 47

Popular American ideologies include: a. conservatism, liberalism, and libertarianism b. conservatism, liberalism, and Islamism. c. conservatism, liberalism, and populism

Answer 47

a. conservatism, liberalism, and libertarianism

Question 48

Important members of the conservative movement have included: a. president Franklin D Roosevelt b. Senator Barry Goldwater c. President Lyndon B Johnson

Answer 48

b. Senator Barry Goldwater

Question 49

Since the 1960s, most liberals have strongly supported all of these except: a. civil rights for African Americans b. federal health-care programs c. the use of US Military forces abroad

Answer 49

c. the use of US Military forces abroad

Question 50

12. A common term that has come to replace liberalism in current American politics is: a. populism b. progressivism c. libertarianism

Answer 50

b. progressivism