Chapter 1-IT

Question 1

What is a computer

Answer 1

Is a programmable,eletronic device that accepts data,performs operations on that data and stores the data

Question 2

Basic operations

Answer 2

Input: Entering data into the computer
Processing: Performing operations on the data
Output: Presenting the results
Storage: Saving data, programs ,or output for future use
Communications: Sending/ receiving data

Question 3

Data vs Info

Answer 3

Data is raw, unorganized facts
Info is data that has been processed into meaningful form

Question 4

Input devices

Answer 4

Used to input data into the computer
Keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, microphones, pens, touch pads, touch screens, fingerprint readers

Question 5

Processing devices

Answer 5

Includes CPU- performs calculations and controls the computer’s operation
also includes GPU and memory

Question 6

Output devices

Answer 6

Present results to the user
Includes additional screen monitors, printers ,speakers, headphones

Question 7

Storage devices

Answer 7

Used to store data on or access data from storage media
Includes hard drives ,CD/DVD discs and drives, USB Flash drives

Question 8

Communications devices

Answer 8

Allows users to communicate with others and to electronically access remote information
Includes modems, network adapters and routers

Question 9

What is Software

Answer 9

The program or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do

Question 10

What does the OS do?

Answer 10

Starts up the computer and control its operation, computer cannot function without an OS .OS boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s direction. Most use graphical objects to interact with users such as icons
Includes Windows, OSX ,Linux ,Android ,IOS

Question 11

Application software

Answer 11

Allows users to perform specific tasks

Question 12

Computer users(end users)

Answer 12

Use a computer to perform tasks or to obtain info
Programmers-write programs that computers use
System analysts-Design computer systems
Computer operations personnel-Manage day-to-day computers operations
Security specialists-Secure computers and networks against hackers

Question 13

Embedded computer

Answer 13

Is designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the product in which it is embedded
Household appliances, sewing machines, cars, self-driving cars

Question 14

Mobile device

Answer 14

A very small device with some type of built-in computing/internet capability
Voice/touch input, has a small screen and keyboard, can perform internet searches, pay for products and view documents

Question 15

Personal computer(Microcomputer)

Answer 15

A small computer designed to be used by one person at a time(PC)

Question 16

Desktop computer

Answer 16

Not portable, sit on or next to a desk

Question 17

Thin client

Answer 17

Is designed to utilize a network for much of its processing
has a limited storage capacity and processing power(relies on network, cloud)

Question 18

Advantages and disadvantages of a thin client

Answer 18

A: Includes lower cost, increased security(doesn’t store data), and easier maintenance
D: Limited/no local storage and the inability to function if the network is down

Question 19

Internet appliance

Answer 19

An ordinary device that can be used for accessing the internet
Some use apps to deliver news ,music
Refrigerators ,smart TVs

Question 20

Server

Answer 20

Is a midrange computer used to host programs and data for a small network

Question 21

Virtualization

Answer 21

Creating virtual rather than actual server environments

Question 22

Server virtualization vs Desktop virtualization

Answer 22

S:Is used to share a server for increased efficiency
D:Delivers a user’s desktop to his/her current device

Question 23

Mainframe computer

Answer 23

Is a powerful computer used by many large organizations to manage large amounts of centralized data
Runs programs to meet the needs of a wide variety of users as well as large processing tasks during off hours

Question 24

Supercomputer(high-end servers/enterprise-class servers)

Answer 24

Is the fastest ,most expensive, most powerful type of computer (good for weather forecasting)

Question 25

Computer network

Answer 25

Is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together
Users can share hardware, software and data
Users can communicate with each other
Users can share an internet connection
Most computers and mobile devices today connect to computer network school networks, home networks, mobile telephone networks

Question 26

The internet

Answer 26

Is the largest/most well-known computer network in the world
Users connect using ISP
ISPs connect to regional networks ,which connect to backbone networks ,which connect to form the internet

Question 27

The WWW

Answer 27

A vast collection of Web pages available through the Internet
Web pages contain hyperlinks(texts or graphics to click to go to another)
Websites contain web pages stored on web servers
Web pages are viewed using a web browser

Question 28

Accessing a Network/Internet

Answer 28

Need a network adapter to connect(or a modem)
Many networks require a username and password
Direct(always-on) connectors
Dial-up connections(ADSL)

Question 29

Internet address

Answer 29

Used to access resources on the internet
IP addresses and domain names(domain corresponds to an IP)(to identify computers)
Uniform resource locator(to identify computers)
E-mail addresses(to identify people)

Question 30

Cloud Computing

Answer 30

Resources stored on computers in a “cloud” of computers rather than on users’ computers. Accessible to any web-enabled device. Google drive/doc

Question 31

Web browser

Answer 31

Used to display web pages

Question 32

Search site

Answer 32

Is a web page that help you to locate web pages and other resources

Question 33

E-mail

Answer 33

The process of exchanging electronic messages between individuals over a network

Question 34

Benefits of Technology

Answer 34

Design before construction leads to safer products
Earlier medical diagnoses and more effective treatment
Devices that allow physically and/or visually challenged individuals to perform job tasks

Question 35

Risks of Technology

Answer 35

Stress and health concerns
Security issues
Computer viruses/malware
Identity theft and phishing
Spam

Question 36

Eniac vs Univac

Answer 36

E:was the first large-scale general purpose computer
U:was the first computer to be mass produced for general commercial use

Question 37

Disadvantages of cloud computing

Answer 37

Potentially high data transfer costs
No/reduced functionality without an internet connection

Question 38

Malware

Answer 38

Harmful programs that can be installed without our knowledge -can erase data, locate sensitive data, take control of your computer for criminal

Question 39

Identity theft vs Phishing

Answer 39

IT-Using someone elses’ identity to purchase goods/services to illegally pretend to be that person
Phishing-An email appears to come from a well known legitimate organization but aims to trick you into giving sensitive personal info

Question 40

How can anonymity be abused

Answer 40

Rude comments and personal attacks
Committing other illegal /unethical acts
Using multiple identities