Chapter 1 - Introduction to Kinesiology Flashcards
Anatomical Position
Upright posture, palms forward, facing straight ahead, feet parallel
Number of Muscles and Bones
How many bones are involved in voluntary movement?
600 muscles. 206 bones
177 bones are used for intended movement
Name the skeletal functions
Protection
Support
Movement
Mineral Storage
Hemopoiesis (blood cell production)
What general movements occur in the sagittal plane and describe them?
Flexion: decrease in joint angle
Extension: increase in joint angle
What general movements occur in the frontal plane and describe them?
Abduction: away from the midline of the body
Adduction: toward the midline of the body
(Frontal plane divides ventral/anterior and dorsal/posterior)
Whatt general movements occur in the transverse plane and describe them?
Internal Rotation: rotation about longitudinal axis toward midline
External Rotation: rotation about longitudinal axis away from midlije
Name the types of bones and an example of each
Long: femur
Short: carpals
Flat: sternum
Irregular: vertebra
Sesamoid: patella
What is Osteokinematic Motion and how does it occur?
Motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes
It occurs due to the movement between the articular surfaces of the joint
What is Arthokinematic Motion?
Motion between articular surfaces/joints (arthro=joints)
What are the 3 accessory motions of arthrokinematic motion?
- Spin
- Glide Roll
Spin
Object rotates but stays in the same spot on articulating surface
Roll
Object rotates and moves alon
Glide
Object has NO rotation but moves along new contact of articulating surface
Diaphysis
Ephiphysis
long cylindrical part of bone
End part of long bone
Medullary
Cortex
Marrow cavity with yellow marrow
The diaphysis wall of hard compact bone
Periosteum
Endosteum
Outer surface of diaphysis
Lines inside of cortex
What is epiphysis made of?
Spongy or cancellous or trabecular bone
Covered in articular or hyaline cartilage
Ephiphyseal Plate
Growth plate and closes at 18-25
Endochondral Bones
most skeletal bones, develop from hyaline cartilage
What is bone made of?
Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collage and water
Wolff’s Law
bone in a healthy indivudal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed
Processes
Cavities
Elevations where muscles, tendons, or ligaments attach
Depressions where tendons vessels and nerves go
Arthrosis
joints with no movement
Synarthrodial Joints
Immovable
Two types of synarthrodial joints and describe them
Suture: Completely immovable, skull
Gomphosis: Teeth peg in socket
Amphiarthrodial joints
Slightly moveable
3 types of amphiarthrodial joints and describe
Symphysis: fibrocartilage pad (pubic symphysis)
Synchondrosis: separated by hyaline cartilage
Syndesmosis: held by ligamentous structures
Diarthrodial Joints
Freely moveable has joint capsule and joint cavity
Range of Motion
area where a joint can be freely and painlessly moved
Goniometer
An instrument used to measure joint movement
Concave-Convex Rule
When any convex joint surface moves on a concave surface the roll and glide must occur in opposite direction and when a concave surface moves on a convex surface the roll and glide occur in the same direction
