Chapter 1 - Introduction to Kinesiology

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

Upright posture, palms forward, facing straight ahead, feet parallel

Question 2

Number of Muscles and Bones
How many bones are involved in voluntary movement?

Answer 2

600 muscles. 206 bones
177 bones are used for intended movement

Question 3

Name the skeletal functions

Answer 3

Protection
Support
Movement
Mineral Storage
Hemopoiesis (blood cell production)

Question 4

What general movements occur in the sagittal plane and describe them?

Answer 4

Flexion: decrease in joint angle
Extension: increase in joint angle

Question 5

What general movements occur in the frontal plane and describe them?

Answer 5

Abduction: away from the midline of the body
Adduction: toward the midline of the body
(Frontal plane divides ventral/anterior and dorsal/posterior)

Question 6

Whatt general movements occur in the transverse plane and describe them?

Answer 6

Internal Rotation: rotation about longitudinal axis toward midline
External Rotation: rotation about longitudinal axis away from midlije

Question 7

Name the types of bones and an example of each

Answer 7

Long: femur
Short: carpals
Flat: sternum
Irregular: vertebra
Sesamoid: patella

Question 8

What is Osteokinematic Motion and how does it occur?

Answer 8

Motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes
It occurs due to the movement between the articular surfaces of the joint

Question 9

What is Arthokinematic Motion?

Answer 9

Motion between articular surfaces/joints (arthro=joints)

Question 10

What are the 3 accessory motions of arthrokinematic motion?

Answer 10

• Spin
• Glide Roll

Question 11

Spin

Answer 11

Object rotates but stays in the same spot on articulating surface

Question 12

Roll

Answer 12

Object rotates and moves alon

Question 13

Glide

Answer 13

Object has NO rotation but moves along new contact of articulating surface

Question 14

Diaphysis
Ephiphysis

Answer 14

long cylindrical part of bone
End part of long bone

Question 15

Medullary
Cortex

Answer 15

Marrow cavity with yellow marrow
The diaphysis wall of hard compact bone

Question 16

Periosteum
Endosteum

Answer 16

Outer surface of diaphysis
Lines inside of cortex

Question 17

What is epiphysis made of?

Answer 17

Spongy or cancellous or trabecular bone
Covered in articular or hyaline cartilage

Question 18

Ephiphyseal Plate

Answer 18

Growth plate and closes at 18-25

Question 19

Endochondral Bones

Answer 19

most skeletal bones, develop from hyaline cartilage

Question 20

What is bone made of?

Answer 20

Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collage and water

Question 21

Wolff’s Law

Answer 21

bone in a healthy indivudal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed

Question 22

Processes
Cavities

Answer 22

Elevations where muscles, tendons, or ligaments attach
Depressions where tendons vessels and nerves go

Question 23

Arthrosis

Answer 23

joints with no movement

Question 24

Synarthrodial Joints

Answer 24

Immovable

Question 25

Two types of synarthrodial joints and describe them

Answer 25

Suture: Completely immovable, skull
Gomphosis: Teeth peg in socket

Question 26

Amphiarthrodial joints

Answer 26

Slightly moveable

Question 27

3 types of amphiarthrodial joints and describe

Answer 27

Symphysis: fibrocartilage pad (pubic symphysis)
Synchondrosis: separated by hyaline cartilage
Syndesmosis: held by ligamentous structures

Question 28

Diarthrodial Joints

Answer 28

Freely moveable has joint capsule and joint cavity

Question 29

Range of Motion

Answer 29

area where a joint can be freely and painlessly moved

Question 30

Goniometer

Answer 30

An instrument used to measure joint movement

Question 31

Concave-Convex Rule

Answer 31

When any convex joint surface moves on a concave surface the roll and glide must occur in opposite direction and when a concave surface moves on a convex surface the roll and glide occur in the same direction