Chapter 1: Introduction to Immunology and the Immune System

Question 1

immunology

Answer 1

branch of biomedical science that studies resistance to infection, as well as the mechanisms of the immune response

Question 2

immune response

Answer 2

the body’s response to the presence of foreign particles or microorganisms (antigens)

Question 3

immunity

Answer 3

state of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen

Question 4

pathogen

Answer 4

organism with the potential to cause disease

Question 5

Thucydides’s observation

Answer 5

450 BC, eyewitness account of immunity to plague; people who had survived previous infection took care of sick, gained something that prevented them from getting sick again

Question 6

Girolamo Fracastoro’s idea

Answer 6

1546, stated that diseases are caused seed-like entities transmitted by direct or indirect contact, which contributed to eventual Germ Theory

Question 7

Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 7

diseases are caused by pathogens

Question 8

Agostino Bassi’s observation

Answer 8

Muscardine disease in silkworms was caused by a parasitic fungus; observed powdery material, knew something was killing silkworm larvae –> correlation of pathogen to disease

Question 9

Ignaz Semmelweiss

Answer 9

1840s; observed high mortality rate in mothers from postpartum fever when treated by doctors and medical students during delivery; also observed lower mortality rate when delivery was aided by midwives; suggested doctors wash their hand before helping with delivery, which led to sharp reduction in postpartum fever death

Question 10

Louis Pasteur

Answer 10

late 19th century;