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Human Development > Chapter 1 - Introduction To Human Development > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction To Human Development Flashcards

0
Q

Define Developmental psychologists

A

Psychologists whose primary interests focus on the study of developmental processes and events

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1
Q

Define development

A

The changes over time in the physical structure, thought, or behavior of a person as a result of both biological and environmental influences

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2
Q

Define developmental period or stage

A

A discreet period of the lifespan during which predictable changes occur

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3
Q

Define a individualistic culture

A

Personal interest ^

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4
Q

Define a collectivist culture

A

Interest for others ^

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5
Q

Name the four domains of human development

A

Physical, cognitive, personality, and sociocultural

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6
Q

Define theories

A

Broad frameworks of understanding, organized, coherent sets of ideas that help us understand, explain, and make predictions.

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7
Q

Basic ideas of theories include:

A
  • no theory is either right or wrong
  • it is best to consider what each theory contributes and to use knowledge to better understand the phenomenon being studies
  • theories are based on data
  • all theories change over time
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8
Q

Name the four theoretical frameworks for human development

A

Biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive

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9
Q

Name the three biological views of human development

A

Genetics, developmental neuroscience, evolution and natural selection.

Genetics- biological instructions encoded in human genome
Developmental neuroscience- brain science, behavior
Evolution- focuses on adaptation of a species to it’s environment

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10
Q

Name two psychologists that approached the psychodynamic approach

A

Signing Freud and Erik erikson

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11
Q

Define a psychodynamic approach

A

Role of unconscious mind and interactions of psychic processes emphasized

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12
Q

Signings Freud thought of two theories in regards to the psychodynamic approach define them

A

The three processes (id, superego, ego)

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13
Q

Erik erikson had theories in regards to psychosocial theory, what did did it emphasize?

A

It emphasized individual and social interactions in which people pass through eight stages

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14
Q

Name the first three psychosexual stages of Freud

A

Oral, anal, and phallc

Oral- infant experiences pleasure of mouth lips and oral activities especially sucking

Anal- (18ms- 3 years) - child’s pleasure focuses on the anus and the elimination functions

Phallic- child’s pleasure focuses on the gentilas, especially through masturbation

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15
Q

Name the last two stages of frauds psyxhosexual stages and explain

A

Latency- child represses sexual interests and focuses on cognitive and developing cognitive and interpersonal akills

Genital- adolescence triggers the reemergence of sexual impulses with gratification dependent on finding a partner.

16
Q

Name three psychologists that dealt with behavioral views in regards to human development

A

Pavlov- classical conditioning
Bf skinner- operant conditioning (rewarding vs punishment)
Bandura- social learning theory
What we learn from observing others

17
Q

Name the two psychologists that had a primordial theory on the cognitive views in regards to psychology

A

Jean Piaget- posited processes of assimilation, accommodation, and schemes, or frameworks, of knowledge
Lev vygotsky- emphasized the importance of learning from other ppl

18
Q

Name the four stages of Piaget in regards to cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor, per operational, concrete operational, formal operational

19
Q

What psychologist introduced an integrative approach? And what did he propose?

A

Lev vygotsky
Proposed cognitive development is apprenticeships
Argued learning is transmitted through shared meanings of objects and events
Emphasized role of experts or more skilled other in guided participation

20
Q

What do integrative approaches focus on?

A

Broader focus on all contexts in which humans develop are involved

21
Q

Name another integrative approach psychologist

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Developed bio ecological model that emphasizes interaction between individual and family and societal forces

Systems approach:
Integrates biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and ecological perspectives.

22
Q

Define the bio ecological model

A

The bioecological model basically tells us that each persons development is influenced by a broad set of biological and environmental factors that continually interact as development unfolds across time.

Influences of family and culture are especially important

23
Q

Lifespan development is:

A

Lifelong, multi-dimensional, multi directional, plastic, context dependent, historically and culturally embedded, multidisciplinary.

24
Q

The scientific approach to studying human development are:

A

Methods include

Descriptive
Longitudinal studies
Correlation all research
Experiments

25
Q

Name the descriptive methods used to approach human development

A 
Case studies
Systematic observation
Queationnaires
Surveys
Interviews
Psychological tests
26
Q

Case studies include

A

Compilation of information on individual, family, or community through interview, observations, and formal testing

Baby biography

27
Q

Systematic observation is:

A

An observational method in which researchers go into everyday settings and observe and record behavior while being as unobtrusive as possible

  • naturalistic
  • laboratory observation
28
Q

Psychological tests include or measure:

A

Measurement of intellegence or personality traits

Must becarefully constructed and administered so that accurate results are obtained

29
Q

Studying development across time:

Include three designs explain them

A

Longitudinal- same participants are studied at various points in time to see how they change with age.

Cross sectional- compares individuals of different ages at one point in time

  • confounding
  • cohort effects

Sequential cohort design several overlapping cohorts of different ages are studies longitudinally

30
Q

Correlational research includes three coefficients name them and describe them

A

Correlation- research technique that describes relationship between two variables

Correlation coefficient- research technique that describes relationship, or correspondence between to variables.

Causation- correlation tells us nothing about causation.

Human Development (2 decks)

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