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Biology 101 > Chapter 1: Introduction To Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction To Ecology Flashcards

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0
Q

What does logy mean?

A

Study of

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1
Q

What does bio mean?

A

Life

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2
Q

Ecology is specific. True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

What does Eco mean?

A

Environment

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4
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

Subatomic particles

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5
Q

How many atoms are molecules made of?

A

Two or more

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6
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A sub-cellular structure within a cell

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7
Q

What are organelles made up of?

A

Molecules

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8
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The region that supports life on earth, the region where land, air, and water intersect

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9
Q

The biosphere is a closed system in respect to materials and respect to energy. True or False?

A

False. The materials are a closed system, the energy it open.

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10
Q

The things necessary to life must be what?

A

Recycled

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11
Q

What are some examples the necessary materials (closed system) that we need to recycle?

A

Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, mineral nutrients

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12
Q

What are some examples of the necessary energy (open system) that we recycle?

A

Energy from the sun, maintain life

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13
Q

What happens in an ecosystem?

A

All living things, organisms in an area intersect with their environment

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14
Q

The biosphere can not be viewed as a global ecosystem with many smaller ecosystems with in it. True or False?

A

False. It can.

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15
Q

What are biotic components?

A

Living organisms in an ecosystem

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16
Q

What are some examples of biotic components?

A

Individuals, population

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17
Q

What the population mean?

A

Members of the same species

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18
Q

What is an abiotic component?

A

Nonliving components of the ecosystem

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19
Q

What are some examples of abiotic components?

A

Chemical factors such as: water, oxygen, nitrogen

Physical factors such as: soil, sunlight, temperature, altitude

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20
Q

What is a food chain?

A

Feeding levels where the bigger eat the smaller

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21
Q

What are two types of food chains?

A

Terrestrial: land based
Aquatic: water based

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22
Q

What is a tropic?

A

Feeding level

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23
Q

If you have producers you must have what?

A

Consumers

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24
Q

Producers are also called what?

A

Autotrophs

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25
Q

Primary consumer is the what?

A

First consumer

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26
Q

Primary consumers only eat producers ( plants). True or False?

A

True

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27
Q

Primary consumers are always what? And why?

A

Herbivores, because the only eat plants

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28
Q

Secondary consumers are always what?

A

Carnivores

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29
Q

What do secondary consumers always eat?

A

Primary consumers

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30
Q

What is a destrius food chain?

A

The food chain that feeds on dead plants, animals, and waste materials

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31
Q

What are some examples do destrius food chain feeders?

A

Insects, worms, beetles
Vultures
Decomposers: bateria, fungi

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32
Q

What do Decomposers eat?

A

Everything that has died

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33
Q

What is a food web?

A

Multiple food chains

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34
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All of the interaction between living (biotic) and their Nonliving (abiotic) environment

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35
Q

Examples of biotic organisms?

A

Producers and consumers

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36
Q

What is a producer?

A

An organism that obtains energy directly from the sun

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37
Q

What are consumers?

A

An organism that obtain energy by feeding on producers and or other consumers

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38
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

A special type of consumer that breaks down dead stuff

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39
Q

What are two major types of Decomposers?

A

Bacteria and fungi

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40
Q

A food web is made up of how many food chains?

A

Two or more

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41
Q

What does autotroph mean?

A

Self feeder

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42
Q

What are some examples of producers?

A

Algae, trees, plants, various bacteria

43
Q

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary and producers are all classifications of consumers. True or False?

A

False. Producers can’t be consumers

44
Q

What are animals that consume both plants and animals?

A

Omnivore

45
Q

Energy is the ability to do what?

A

Work

46
Q

Where does most of the energy that fuels all living things come from?

A

The sun

47
Q

How is the sun’s energy captured?

A

Through the process of photosynthesis

48
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

C6H12O6+O2

49
Q

What is phytoplankton?

A

Microscopic algae in oceans, lakes, and streams

50
Q

What is a rain forest?

A

Tropical belt around the equator

51
Q

Cellular respiration occurs in all living things except humans. True or False?

A

False. Cellular respiration occurs in all living things.

52
Q

Give some examples of organisms that cellular respiration occurs in.

A

Plants animals fungi microorganism

53
Q

What is equation for cell respiration?

A

ATP + CO2 + H2O

54
Q

What percentage of energy passes from one tropic level to the next?

A

10%

55
Q

All the material at each trophic level is consumed. True or False?

A

False. Not all the material at each trophic level is consumed.

56
Q

Is all the material that is eaten digested?

A

No

57
Q

What is most digested food utilized for?

A

Fuel for life

58
Q

Carbon must be what through the biosphere?

A

Recycled

59
Q

Which system is the biosphere? Closed or Open?

A

Closed

60
Q

What two pathways does carbon have?

A

Fast and slow

61
Q

What is the fast pathway for carbon?

A

The atmosphere

62
Q

The atmosphere is what in regards to carbon?

A

The reservoir for most organic carbon

63
Q

What are some of the processes that helps carbon get into the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis, cell respiration, and Decomposers

64
Q

What is the slow pathway that carbon uses?

A

It is stored in rocks and is broken down when fossil fuels are burned

65
Q

What are fossil fuels formed from?

A

Non-decomposed plants and animals

66
Q

What forms rock (limestone)?

A

Skeletons and shells of marine organisms

67
Q

What are the major greenhouse gasses?

A

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane

68
Q

What other gasses contribute to global warming?

A

Several other gasses produced by industrial activities

69
Q

What do naturally occurring greenhouse gasses do?

A

Insulate the planet, keep the planet’s surface in temperature range to support life

70
Q

What are some other things that contribute to global warming?

A

Human activity and the thawing of the tundras due to global warming

71
Q

How does human activity contribute to global warming?

A

The release of more greenhouse gasses than the natural process can remove

72
Q

What some examples of human activity that contribute to global warming?

A

Burning of fossil fuel
Cattle ranching
Methane hydrate
Decomposition

73
Q

How does burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming?

A

Burning too much fossil fuels release large amounts of carbon dioxide and it becomes too much for the natural process to remove

74
Q

How does cattle ranching contribute to global warming?

A

When you cattle ranch you release large amounts of methane into the atmosphere and these numbers become too much for the natural process to remove

75
Q

What happens when the tundra thaws?

A

It releases large amounts of Methane which contributes to global warming

76
Q

How does the tundras thawing contribute to global warming?

A

When the tau draw thaws too much it releases large amounts of methane which becomes too much and the natural processes can’t get rid of all of it

77
Q

What are some of the possible changes caused by global warming?

A

Rising global temperatures
Change sin global weather patterns
Rising sea levels
Increase insect reproduction

78
Q

What are some actions that we can do to help prevent global warming?

A

Reduce use fossil fuels
Conserve energy
Develop and use alternative energy sources
Political action

79
Q

If every American home replaced just one light bulb with an energy star qualified bulb, we would save enough energy to light more than how many homes?

A

3 million homes for a year

80
Q

If every American home replaced just one light bulb with an energy star qualified bulb, we would save enough energy to save more than how much in annual energy cost?

A

$600million

81
Q

If every American home replaced just one light bulb with an energy star qualified bulb, we would save enough energy to prevent greenhouse gases equivalent to the emission of how many cars?

A

800,000 cars

82
Q

What are some alternative energy sources?

A

Wind and water

83
Q

What some examples of wind being used as an energy source?

A

Windmills and wave power

84
Q

What are some examples of water being used as an alternative energy source?

A

Wave power, water over the damn, and hydroelectric power

85
Q

How does wave power work?

A

Waves are generated by the passage of wind across the surface of the sea - energy is transferred from wind to the waves to the generator

86
Q

How does the windmill work?

A

The wind turns the blades of the windmill and this energy is transferred to the generator inside the windmill

87
Q

How does hydroelectric power work?

A

Water turns the bladed of the turbine and the turbine drives the generator

88
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

It’s the need for land, water, energy and other resources needed to support your personal life style

89
Q

What country has the largest ecological footprint?

A

The U.S.

90
Q

What does population growth depend on?

A

Biotic potential and environmental resistance (limiting factors)

91
Q

What is biotic potential?

A

The maximum rate a population can increase under ideal conditions

92
Q

What factors affect biotic potential?

A

Large family size
Absence of predators
High birth rate
Early reproductive age

93
Q

What is environmental resistance?

A

Factors that prevent a population from reducing its biotic potential

94
Q

What factors decrease population growth?

A 
Low food supply
Disease
Predation
Limiting space for living ( nestling, breeding)
Habitat destruction
95
Q

What balances between environmental resistance and biotic potential?

A

Population growth curve

96
Q

What are to two different population growth curves?

A

J and S - Curve

97
Q

What is a j-curve?

A

Expotential growth -unregulated growth ( no restrictions on the ability of the organism)
Reproduce live or grow

98
Q

What is a s-curve?

A

Logistic growth - rapid growth in the population counterbalance by environmental resistance

99
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

The number of organisms an ecosystem can support indefinitely without using up resources faster than they can be replaced

100
Q

What can exceeding carrying capacity lead to?

A

Famine
Erosion, dust storms
Fishing a species to extinction
Lack of water

101
Q

The human population requires enormous amounts of what?

A

Renewable and non-renewable resources

102
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

Resources that replace themselves fairly quickly by natural means

103
Q

What are non-renewable resources?

A

Resources that can not be replaced at all or are replaced very slowly

104
Q

What are some examples of nonrenewable resources?

A 
Coal
Drinking water
Topsoil
Heating oil
Diamonds
105
Q

What are some examples of a j-curve?

A

Bacteria

106
Q

What are some examples of a s-curve?

A

Humans

Biology 101 (2 decks)

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