Chapter 1 Introduction To Computers And Python 1.6-1.9

Question 1

______ _______ are software systems that make using computers more convening for users, application developers and system administrators. They provide services that allow each application to execute safely, efficiently and concurrently with other application

Answer 1

Operating systems

Question 2

Software that contains the core components of the operating system is called the ______

Answer 2

Kernel

Question 3

This operating system consists of graphical user interface built on top of DOS (Disk Operating System)— an enormously popular personal-computer operating system that users interact with by typing commands

Answer 3

Windows operating system

Question 4

This operating systems is among the greatest successes of the open-source movement

Answer 4

Linux operating system

Question 5

______-______ software departs from the proprietary software development style that dominated software’s early years

Answer 5

Open-source software
Individuals and companies contribute their efforts in developing, maintaining and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that software for their own purposes, typically at no charge

Question 6

What open-source organization is responsible for Python?

Answer 6

Python Software Foundation

Question 7

What open-source community organization provides tools for managing open-source projects-it has millions of them under development

Answer 7

GitHub

Question 8

What open-source community organization is originally the creators of Apache web server, they now oversee 350 open-source projects, including several big data infrastructure technologies

Answer 8

Apache Software Foundation

Question 9

What open-source community organization helps programmers conveniently develop software?

Answer 9

Eclipse Foundation

Question 10

What open-source community organization is the creator of the Firefox web browser

Answer 10

Mozilla Foundation

Question 11

What open-source community organization focuses on open-source tools and data for machine learning

Answer 11

OpenML

Question 12

What open-source community organization which focuses on open-source computer-vision tools that can be used across a range of operating systems and programming languages

Answer 12

OpenCV

Question 13

Rapid improvements to computing and communications, _______ costs and open-source software have made it much _____ and more _____ to create software-based businesses now than just a decade ago.

Answer 13

Decrease, easier, economical
Example: facebook built with open-source software

Question 14

The core of the most popular open-source, freely distributed, full-featured operating system.

Answer 14

Linux kernel

Question 15

Unlike proprietary OS systems like Windows and macOS, _____ source code (the program code) is available to the public for examination and modification and is free to download and install

Answer 15

Linux

Question 16

Apple introduced its new ____ programming language which became open source in 2015. The iOS app-development community has largely shifted from Objective-C to ______ (same answer for both blanks)

Answer 16

Swift

Question 17

__________— the fastest growing mobile and smartphone operating system—is based on the Linux kernel and the Java programming language. It is opened source and free

Answer 17

Android

Question 18

What does cross-platform mean?

Answer 18

These are tools that you can use to develop apps that will run portably on Android, iOS and other platforms (like the web)

Question 19

Windows is a(n) __________ operating system—it’s controlled by Microsoft exclusively

Answer 19

Proprietary

Question 20

T/F Proprietary code is often scrutinized by a much larger audience than open-source software, so errors often get removed faster

Answer 20

False. Open-source code is often scrutinized by a much larger audience than proprietary software, so errors often get removed faster

Question 21

T/F iOS dominates the global smartphone market over android

Answer 21

False, Android currently controls 88% of the smartphone market

Question 22

Python supports popular program _____—procedural, ______, object-oriented and reflective

Answer 22

Paradigms, functional

Question 23

Python simplifies concurrent programming—with _______ and _______/______, you’re able to write single threaded concurrent code, greatly simplified the inherently complex process of writing debugging and maintaining that code

Answer 23

Asyncio, Async/wait

Question 24

Used to build anything from simple scripts to complex apps with massive numbers of users such as Dropbox, YouTube, Reddit, Instagram and Quora

Answer 24

Python

Question 25

It’s popular in artificial intelligence, which enjoys explosive growth, in part because of its special relationship with data science

Answer 25

Python

Question 26

Summarizes Python creators design principles for the language

Answer 26

Tim Peter’s’ The Zen of Python
This list can be viewed in IPython with the command: import this
The Zen of Python is defined in Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) 20. “A PEP is a design document providing information to the Python community or describing a new feature for Python or its processes or environment

Question 27

The _______ __________ summarizes Python creator Guido van Rossum’s design principles for the Python language

Answer 27

Zen of Python

Question 28

T/F The Python language supports popular programming paradigms-procedural, functional, object-oriented and reflective

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F R is the most popular data-science programming language

Answer 29

False. Python recently surpassed R as the most popular data-science programming language

Question 30

Why are libraries important?

Answer 30

Making new code is costly and time consuming
You can simply create an object of a pre-existing library class, which takes only a single Python statement. Libraries will help you perform significant tasks with modest amounts of code.

Question 31

The Python Standard Library provides:

Answer 31

Rich capabilities for text/binary data processing
Math
Functional-style programming
File/directory access
Data persistence
Data compression/archiving
Cryptography
OS services
Concurrent programming
Interprocess communication
Networking protocols
JSON/XML/other Internet data formats
Multimedia
Internalization
GUI
Debugging
Profiling and more

Question 32

________ help you avoid “reinventing the wheel” thus leveraging your program-development efforts

Answer 32

Libraries

Question 33

The _________ ___________ ________ provides rich capabilities for many common Python programming tasks

Answer 33

Python Standard Library

Question 34

Today, most code for general-purpose operating systems and other performance-critical systems is written in

Answer 34

C or C++

Question 35

A key goal of _________ is to enable developers to write programs that will run on a great variety of computer systems and computer-controlled devices. This is sometimes called “write once, run anywhere”

Answer 35

Java

Question 36

Was developed to integrate the web into computer applications and is now widely used to develop many types of applications. Is one of Microsoft’s three primary object-oriented programming languages—the other two are Visual C++ and Visual Basic

Answer 36

C#

Question 37

Most widely used scripting language. Used to add programmability to web pages like animations and interactivity with the user. All major web browsers support it.

Answer 37

JavaScript

Question 38

________ and ____ are the most widely used data-science languages

Answer 38

Python and R