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BIOCHEMISTRY > CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Biochemistry > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY

chemistry of the living cell
goal:
* descibe life’s processes at the —- level
* have knowledge of the chemical structures of the participating molecules
* have an understanding of the biologival function of the cellular molecules

A

molecular

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2
Q

2 Levels of Biochemistry
1. discovering the chemical structures and 3D arrangement of biomolecules
2. defining a language for communication inside cells and organisms; function of molecules

A
  1. conformational
  2. informational
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3
Q

Importance of Biochemistry

  1. Biochemical studies lead us to the fundamental understanding of life
  2. Has profound influence on our understanding of vast fields such as medicine, health and nutrition
  3. BIochemical discoveries advances biotechnology
A
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4
Q

basic structural and functional unit of life

A

cell

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5
Q

Cell Theory
1. All organisms are compoesd of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

A
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6
Q

associated with inventing the first optical telescope and first true compound microscope

A

Zacharias Jansen

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7
Q

father of microbiology

A

Anton van Leuwenhoek

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8
Q

coined the term “cell”

A

Robert Hooke

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9
Q

cells are basic unit of plant life

A

matthias schleiden

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10
Q

cells are basic unit of animal life

A

theodor schwann

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11
Q

cells come from pre-existing cells

A

rudolf virchow

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12
Q
  • outer covering of the cell
  • composed of phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and carbohydrates
  • follows the fluid mosaic model
  • ____= collection of carbohydrates
  • integral membrane proteins - two-end
  • peripheral membrane proteins- one-end
    Functions:
    1. acts as selectively permeable membrane
    2. enables communication with the outside environment
    3. maintains constant environment
A

plasma membrane
glycocalyx

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13
Q

composed of endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, transport vesicles, plasma membrane

A

cytomembrane system

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14
Q
  • series of long canals running throughout the cell with ribosomes attached
  • transport proteins to the golgi bodies
A

rough ER

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15
Q
  • tubular in form and lacking ribosomes
  • lipid synthesis
  • modify molecules, i.e. drugs, pesticides
A

smooth ER

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16
Q
  • series of tubular sacks discovered by Camilo Golgi
  • package, sort, export materials to the different parts of the cell
A

golgi apparatus

17
Q

transport materials from Golgi apparatus to the other parts of the cell

A

transport vesicles

18
Q
  • round, membrane-bound organelle
  • suicidal organelle
  • digests and degrades materials in the cell
A

lysosomes

19
Q
  • organelles bound by membrane
  • site for peroxide degradation
  • site for alcohol degradation (in liver and kidneys)
A

peroxisome

20
Q
  • area where genetic material is found
  • site for DNA duplication
  • site of DNA control
  • —-liquid part
  • —-area where genetic materials move out
  • —–synthesize ribosomal RNA
A

nucleus
nucleoplasm
nucleur pore
nucleolus

21
Q
  • center of metabolism
  • contains own DNA
  • outer membrane - protection
  • inner membrane - folds - _____
A

mitochondria
cristae

22
Q

maintains cell shape, provides support, and enables movement of the cell and organelles

A

cytoskeleton

23
Q
  • thin, linear cytoskeleton with sub-units - actin
  • help cell contract during cell division
  • cytoplasmic streaming
  • maintain cell shape
A

microfilament

24
Q
  • made up of fibrous proteins - keratin
  • stabilizes cells structure by anchoring some organelles
  • resist tension
A

intermediate filament

25
Q
  • cylindrical/ tubular in shape with sub-units - tubulins
  • form rigid internal skeleton
  • form some parts of cilia and flagella
A

microtubules

26
Q

locomotory organelles

  • whip-like structure
  • hair-like projections around the body
A

flagella
cilia

27
Q
  • no true nucleus
  • genetic material exists in an unenclosed area of the cell (nucleoid region)
  • 1-2 micrometer in diameter
  • no membrane-bound organelles
  • cell wall is present
A

prokaryotic cell

28
Q
  • genetic material enclosed in the nucleus
  • nuclear membrane regulates passageway of nucleic acids to the nucleus and out
  • 10-30 micrometer in diameter
  • membrane-bound organelles
A

eukaryotic cell

BIOCHEMISTRY (3 decks)

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