Chapter 1: Introduction To B&B Flashcards
Sulci/sulcus
Grooves, deeper grooves are called FISSURES.
Gyrus/gyri
Bumps
Forebrain
Conscious behavior
Brainstem
Source of behavior in simpler animals; responsible for unconscious behavior
Frontal lobe
Executive functions, decision making
Parietal lobe
Integrates sensations into body coordinates
Temporal lobe
Hearing, language, memory, smell, taste
Occipital lobe
Visual processing
CNS
Brain and spinal chord
PNS
Divided into somatic and autonomic systems. Somatic=sensory and autonomic=muscles and organs
The autonomic system has two sub divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
Innate behaviors
Relatively fixed, inherited
Learned behavior
Relatively flexible, based off of learning/experience
Mentalism
An explanation of behavior as a function of the non material mind.
Aristotle and Mentalism
Aristotle believed brain only existed to cool the blood. The mind is a separate entity.
Dualism
Both a non material mind and the material body contribute to behavior.
Descartes and Dualism
Mind directs rational behavior, body and brain direct all other behavior. Mind is located in pineal gland, flow of ventricular fluid
Darwin and Materialism
Behavior can be explained as a function of the nervous system without explanatory recourse to the mind
Darwin and Natural Selection
How species evolve and change over time. Success in the reproduction of phenotypes results from interaction with environment
Epigenetics
Study of differences in gene expression related to environment and experience. Influences gene expression.
Nerve net
Simple NS with sensory and motor neurons
Segmented nerve trunk
Bilaterally symmetrical and segmented
Ganglia
Structures that resemble and function somewhat like a brain
Hominids
Primates, living and extinct, that walk upright.
Jerison’s Principle of Proper Mass
Species exhibiting more complex behaviors will possess relatively larger brains.
Encephalization Quotient
Measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to the expected size for an animal of its size.
Neoteny
Rate of maturation is slowed due to immature species having children. This results in the adults retaining some infant characteristics
