Chapter 1: Introduction: Matter and Measurement Flashcards
Ethonal
C2H6O
The alcohol in beverages.
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
A viscous liquid used as automobile antifreeze.
Properties of a gas
No fixed volume or shape; rather, it conforms to the volume and shape of its container. A gas can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume, or it can expand to occupy a larger one.
Properties of a liquid
Distinct volume independent of its container but has no specific shape. It assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies.
Properties of a solid
Has both a definite shape and a definite volume.
A pure substance
Matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample. Water and table salt, the primary components of seawater, are examples of pure substances.
element
A substance that cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance. Each element
is composed of only one kind of atom.
compound
Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements; they contain two or more kinds of atoms.
Mixture
Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity.
solution (mixture)
A homogeneous mixture of substances which is uniform throughout.
1.3: Physical properties
Properties that can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance. These properties include color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness.
1.3: Chemical properties
Properties that describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances. A common chemical property is flammability, the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen.
1.3: Intensive properties
Properties that do not depend on the amount of sample being examined. Temperature and melting point, are intensive properties.
1.3: Extensive properties
Properties that depend on the amount of sample, with two examples being mass and volume.
1.4: Prefixes Used in the Metric System and with SI Units
1.4: Kelvin Scale
K = °C+273.15
1.4: Density
The amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance. Temperature should be specified when reporting densities. If no temperature is reported, we assume 25 °C.
1.5: Accuracy vs Precision
Precision is a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another.
Accuracy refers to how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or “true,” value.
1.5: Significant Figures
All digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one, are called significant figures.
- 2 g has two significant figures
- 2405 g has five significant figures
1.6: Dimensional Analysis
