Chapter 1 Introduction

Question 1

decisions that individuals make at any point in their career about particular work, leisure, or other activities that they choose to persue at that time.

Answer 1

career choice

Question 1

positions requiring similar skills within one organization.

Answer 1

job

Question 2

similar jobs found in many organizations

Answer 2

occupation

Question 3

purposeful activity to earn money or other reward and possibly to produce a product or service for others

Answer 3

work

Question 4

a group of logically organized laws or relationships that constitute explanation in a discipline

Answer 4

theory

Question 5

what are the four general principles for judging the appropriateness of a theory

Answer 5

explicit about rules and theorems
precise about limitations of predictions
need to be tested
consistent and clear

Question 6

grouping concepts or ideas for learning pourposes

Answer 6

chunking

Question 7

according to Carl Rogers, what four basic conditions are necessary for counseling change

Answer 7

unconditional positive regard
genuineness
congruence
empathy

Question 8

the acceptance of a person as being worth while and valuable, regardless of age, gender, race, or what he or she has done

Answer 8

unconditional positive regard

Question 9

sincerity - the need for the counselor to be honest with the client

Answer 9

genuiness

Question 10

the counselors voice tone, body language, and verbal statements are consistent with one another

Answer 10

congruence

Question 11

the ability to communicate to the client that the counselor understands the clients concerns and feelings from the point of view of the client

Answer 11

empathy

Question 12

counselors face their clients squarely, adopting an open posture, and leaning slightly toward the other person. maintaining good eye contact, but not staring. Also maintain a relaxed presence

Answer 12

attending position

Question 13

basic counseling skill of the counselors nonverbal presence in the situation

Answer 13

attending skill

Question 14

used to get specific information or to help clients describe or elaborate on certain subjects, feelings or events

Answer 14

question

Question 15

question that requests specific information and the answers are often of the yes or no variety

Answer 15

closed ended question

Question 16

questions that encourage a broader response, asking the cleint to explain more fully the what, how, when, or where of a situation, feeling, or event

Answer 16

open ended question

Question 17

type of skill that rephrases what a client has said, and forcusing on the cognitive or emotional content of a clients statement. by doing this it directs attention to the situation, the person, or the general idea.

Answer 17

statements and reflections

Question 18

type of skill requests more information from a client by a non verbal gesture such as nodding or using verbal comments such as hmm, go on, or tell me more.

Answer 18

continuation responses (minimal encouragers)

Question 19

skill that counselors use to give clients information about educational or occupational opportunities. information must be accurate, up to date, and clear.

Answer 19

giving information, not opinion

Question 20

skill that is a behavioral technique that uses verbal reinforcement of the clients behavior

Answer 20

reinforcement

Question 21

skill that explores the role of the family (and others) in career decision making

Answer 21

familly background exploration

Question 22

what skill is described as an important career counseling intervention is interpretation of tests and inventories

Answer 22

assessment interpretation

Question 23

what type of assessment refers generally to ability and achievement and has has correct answers and the individual attempts to perform as well as possible on

Answer 23

test

Question 24

what assessment refers to instruments that solicit a preference or viewpoint from the client and has no right or wrong answers

Answer 24

inventory

Question 25

normal scores on an assessment that are typical of a population.

Answer 25

norms

Question 26

an assessment that is dependable and consistent

Answer 26

reliability

Question 27

how well an assment measures what is requested of it

Answer 27

validity

Question 28

the actual content of the items on an assessment. the items should reflect the area that the instrument is attempting to measure

Answer 28

content validity

Question 29

a measure against a specific criterion.

Answer 29

concurrent validity

Question 30

also refers to a criterion, but one that applies to the future

Answer 30

predictive validity

Question 31

referrs to whether the scales make psychological sense and are related to the variables to which they should be related

Answer 31

construct validity

Question 32

counselors can use _______ to develop knowledge about the client that they can then relate directly to a theoretical context

Answer 32

assessments

Question 33

what are the three major features in an assessment

Answer 33

selection administration interpretation

Question 34

what are the three inportant considerations in deciding which assessment to select

Answer 34

norms reliability validity

Question 35

a publication that offers occupational information about a broad and respresentative sample of occupations

Answer 35

encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance

Question 36

term clients use to describe occupational information that clients learn

Answer 36

occtalk

Question 37

term clients use to delineate the views that clients have of themselves

Answer 37

psychtalk

Question 38

what are the two most common goals of career counseling

Answer 38

selection of an occupation | adjustment to an occupation

Question 39

type of goal when the counselor and the client agree that the purpose of counseling is to select from appropriate career alternatives

Answer 39

explicit

Question 40

type of goal when the counselor assumes that the client wishes to select appropriate career alternatives

Answer 40

implicit

Question 41

what are the five moral principles

Answer 41

``` autonomy nonmaleficence beneficence justice fidelity ```

Question 42

moral principla described as respecting that clients control their own lives and can make their own choices and decisions

Answer 42

autonomy

Question 43

moral principal described as a counselor can do no harm or manipulate a client for their own gain

Answer 43

nonmaleficence

Question 44

moral principal described as promoting health and well - being of your client

Answer 44

beneficence

Question 45

moral principal described as fairness in dealing with clients

Answer 45

justice

Question 46

moral principal described as honoring commitments to clients

Answer 46

fidelity