Chapter 1: Intro To Science

Question 1

The study of the matter and movement of God’s physical creation

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

The substance of the physical world; anything that occupies space or has substance

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

The study of soil

Answer 3

Pedology

Question 4

An organized way for scientists to gather and pursue scientific knowledge

Answer 4

Scientific method

Question 5

The 3 main components of the scientific method

Answer 5

Hypothesizing, observing, and experimenting

Question 6

Speculating, or thinking seriously, about the objects and events of nature and formulating a sensible explanation

Answer 6

Hypothesizing

Question 7

Gathering data (facts) about nature in an orderly way

Answer 7

Observation

Question 8

Methodically testing hypotheses

Answer 8

Experimentation

Question 9

A way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts

Answer 9

Theory

Question 10

If a theory has never been proven false, scientists call it a _______.

Answer 10

Law

Question 11

The first and second steps of the scientific method

Answer 11

1. State the problem
2. Gather information

Question 12

The third and fourth steps of the scientific method

Answer 12

3. Formulate the hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis

Question 13

The fifth and sixth steps of the scientific method

Answer 13

5. Record and analyze
6. State the conclusions

Question 14

The property of a hypothesis that states that there must be some situation that, if it occurs, would prove the hypothesis untrue

Answer 14

Falsifiability

Question 15

Factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of the experiment

Answer 15

Dependent variable

Question 16

The factor that you can change to test your hypothesis.

Answer 16

Independent variable

Question 17

Any experiment should have only one ____________________ variable.

Answer 17

Independent

Question 18

The variables that are the same in all groups.

Answer 18

Controlled variables

Question 19

The groups on which a test is performed

Answer 19

Experimental groups

Question 20

A group in which the independent variable is absent; this group is not tested—only used as a standard for comparison.

Answer 20

Control group

Question 21

the use of science to solve practical problems

Answer 21

technology

Question 22

process used by engineers to develop technology and solve problems

Answer 22

engineering design process

Question 23

the first and second steps of the engineering design process

Answer 23

1. State the problem
2. Determine the criteria and constraints

Question 24

the third and fourth steps of the engineering design process

Answer 24

3. research and develop possible solutions
4. Choose a design and make a plan

Question 25

the fifth and sixth steps of the engineering design process

Answer 25

5. Build and test the prototype 6. Analyze the prototype and improve the design

Question 26

What is a prototype?

Answer 26

A model of a design used for testing

Question 27

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

Answer 27

inference

Question 28

In deductive reasoning, a statement of fact is called...

Answer 28

a proposition

Question 29

Reasoning from general evidence to a more specific conclusion is ______________________________.

Answer 29

deductive reasoning

Question 30

What is an if/then statement of facts called?

Answer 30

hypothetical proposition

Question 31

What type of inference concludes that if the antecedent is true, the consequent must also be true?

Answer 31

affirming the antecedent

Question 32

What type of inference is made when a consequent is known to be false, thus the antecedent must also be false?

Answer 32

denying the consequent

Question 33

What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion?

Answer 33

inductive reasoning

Question 34

Why is it impossible for inductive reasoning to prove a hypothesis beyond all doubt?

Answer 34

it is not possible to make sure that every single factor is exactly the same in every observation

Question 35

If you repeat an experiment multiple times (keeping the factors as similar as you can in your experiments) and end up with essentially the same results, your experiment is considered ___________________.

Answer 35

Repeatable

Question 36

If others can perform your experiment under different conditions and reach the same conclusion, your experiment is considered ___________________.

Answer 36

reproducible

Answer 37

post hoc fallacy