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Science 8 (Miss Reynolds) > Chapter 1: Intro To Science > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro To Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of the matter and movement of God’s physical creation

A

Science

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2
Q

The substance of the physical world; anything that occupies space or has substance

A

Matter

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3
Q

The study of soil

A

Pedology

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4
Q

An organized way for scientists to gather and pursue scientific knowledge

A

Scientific method

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5
Q

The 3 main components of the scientific method

A

Hypothesizing, observing, and experimenting

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6
Q

Speculating, or thinking seriously, about the objects and events of nature and formulating a sensible explanation

A

Hypothesizing

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7
Q

Gathering data (facts) about nature in an orderly way

A

Observation

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8
Q

Methodically testing hypotheses

A

Experimentation

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9
Q

A way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts

A

Theory

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10
Q

If a theory has never been proven false, scientists call it a _______.

A

Law

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11
Q

The first and second steps of the scientific method

A
  1. State the problem
  2. Gather information
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12
Q

The third and fourth steps of the scientific method

A
  1. Formulate the hypothesis
  2. Test the hypothesis
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13
Q

The fifth and sixth steps of the scientific method

A
  1. Record and analyze
  2. State the conclusions
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14
Q

The property of a hypothesis that states that there must be some situation that, if it occurs, would prove the hypothesis untrue

A

Falsifiability

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15
Q

Factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of the experiment

A

Dependent variable

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16
Q

The factor that you can change to test your hypothesis.

A

Independent variable

17
Q

Any experiment should have only one ____________________ variable.

A

Independent

18
Q

The variables that are the same in all groups.

A

Controlled variables

19
Q

The groups on which a test is performed

A

Experimental groups

20
Q

A group in which the independent variable is absent; this group is not tested—only used as a standard for comparison.

A

Control group

21
Q

the use of science to solve practical problems

A

technology

22
Q

process used by engineers to develop technology and solve problems

A

engineering design process

23
Q

the first and second steps of the engineering design process

A
  1. State the problem
  2. Determine the criteria and constraints
24
Q

the third and fourth steps of the engineering design process

A
  1. research and develop possible solutions
  2. Choose a design and make a plan
25
Q

the fifth and sixth steps of the engineering design process

A
  1. Build and test the prototype
  2. Analyze the prototype and improve the design
26
Q

What is a prototype?

A

A model of a design used for testing

27
Q

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

A

inference

28
Q

In deductive reasoning, a statement of fact is called…

A

a proposition

29
Q

Reasoning from general evidence to a more specific conclusion is ______________________________.

A

deductive reasoning

30
Q

What is an if/then statement of facts called?

A

hypothetical proposition

31
Q

What type of inference concludes that if the antecedent is true, the consequent must also be true?

A

affirming the antecedent

32
Q

What type of inference is made when a consequent is known to be false, thus the antecedent must also be false?

A

denying the consequent

33
Q

What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion?

A

inductive reasoning

34
Q

Why is it impossible for inductive reasoning to prove a hypothesis beyond all doubt?

A

it is not possible to make sure that every single factor is exactly the same in every observation

35
Q

If you repeat an experiment multiple times (keeping the factors as similar as you can in your experiments) and end up with essentially the same results, your experiment is considered ___________________.

A

Repeatable

36
Q

If others can perform your experiment under different conditions and reach the same conclusion, your experiment is considered ___________________.

A

reproducible

37
Q
A

post hoc fallacy

Science 8 (Miss Reynolds) (5 decks)

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