Chapter 1 - Intro To Psychopharmacology

Question 1

• Psychopharmacology:

Answer 1

study of how drugs affect mood, perception, thinking, or behaviour

Question 2

• Psychoactive drugs:

Answer 2

drugs that affect mood, perception, thinking, or behaviour by acting in the nervous system

Question 3

• Pharmacotherapeutics:

Answer 3

drugs used for treating disorders

Question 4

• Drug:

Answer 4

administered substance that alters physiological functioning

Question 5

• Instrumental drug use:

Answer 5

using a drug to address a specific purpose

Question 6

• Therapeutic drug:

Answer 6

drug used to treat a physical or mental disorder

Question 7

• Recreational drug use:

Answer 7

using a drug entirely to experience the drug’s effects

Question 8

• Trade name

Question 9

• Generic name:

Answer 9

a non-proprietary name that indicates the classification for a drug and distinguishes it from other in the same class acetaminophen

Question 10

• Chemical name:

Answer 10

a name that details a drug’s chemical structure

Question 11

• Street name:

Answer 11

an alternative name applied to a recreational or abused substance

Question 12

• Dose:

Answer 12

ratio of the amount of drug per an organism’s body weight

Question 13

• Dose-effect curve:

Answer 13

depicts the magnitude of a drug effect by dose

Question 14

• ED50 value:

Answer 14

represents the dose at which 50% of an effect was observed “effective dose”

Question 15

• Potency:

Answer 15

amount of drug used to produce a certain level of effect

Question 16

• Therapeutic index:

Answer 16

ratio of a drug’s toxic dose-effect curve value relative to therapeutic dose-effect curve value (TD50/ED50)

Question 17

• Certain safety index:

Answer 17

a therapeutic index calculated by dividing a TD1 value by an ED99 value
(TD1/ED99)

Question 18

• Pharmacodynamics:

Answer 18

the physiological actions of drugs

Question 19

• Pharmacokinetics:

Answer 19

a drug’s passage through the body

Question 20

• Pharmacogenetics:

Answer 20

the study of how genetic differences influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects

Question 21

• Objective effects:

Answer 21

pharmacological effects that can be directly observed by others (heart rate measured by taking the persons pulse)

Question 22

• Subjective effects:

Answer 22

pharmacological effects that cannot be directly observed by others (cannot measure of another’s drug experience – asking participants to describe a drug’s effects using a rating scale)

Question 23

• Dependent variable:

Answer 23

a study variable measured by a researcher

Question 24

• Independent variable:

Answer 24

study conditions or treatments that may affect a dependent variable

Question 25

• Correlational study:

Answer 25

study in which an investigator does not after the independent variable

Question 26

• Experimental study:

Answer 26

study in which investigators alter an independent variable to determine whether changes occur to a dependent variable

Question 27

• Placebo:

Answer 27

substance identical in appearance to a drug but physiologically inert

Question 28

• Treatment arms:

Answer 28

number of treatments and doses provided to patients described in a clinical study

Question 29

• Clinical study reports:

Answer 29

detailed summaries of a clinical study’s design and results

Question 30

• Single-blind procedure:

Answer 30

when researchers do not inform study participants which treatment or placebo they received

Question 31

• Double blind procedure:

Answer 31

when neither participants nor investigators know the treatment assignments during a study

Question 32

• Open-label studies:

Answer 32

assignment of study treatments without using blinded procedures

Question 33

• Internal validity:

Answer 33

control of variables with potential to influence a dependent variable

Question 34

• External validity:

Answer 34

refers how well study findings generalize beyond the study conditions

Question 35

• Teratogen:

Answer 35

substance harmful to a fetus

Question 36

• Face validity:

Answer 36

appearance of a test measuring what a researcher considers it to measure

Question 37

• Construct validity:

Answer 37

how well a study’s finding relate to the underlying theory of a study’s objectives

Question 38

• Predictive validity:

Answer 38

how well a model predicts treatment affects

Question 39

• The 3 Rs:

Answer 39

a review process for animal research that considers replacement, reduction, and refinement to determine the necessity of using animals, minimum number of animals needed, and procedure to minimize pain and distress

Question 40

• Ethical cost:

Answer 40

assessment that weighs the value of potential research discoveries against the potential pain and distress experienced by research subjects

Question 41

• Informed consent:

Answer 41

consent gained after a participant thoroughly understands a study’s procedures, possible gains, and potential risks

Question 42

• High-throughput screening:

Answer 42

rapid testing process involving a large number of experimental drugs

Question 43

• Safety pharmacology:

Answer 43

the study of a drug’s adverse effects

Question 44

• Clinical trial:

Answer 44

a gov approved therapeutic drug experiment in human’s drug development; a multistep process of developing an effective, safe, and profitable therapeutic drug