Chapter 1: Intro To Physiology Flashcards
Central organizing principle of Physiology
Homeostasis
Science of the normal function and phenomena of living things
Physiology
What is the breakdown of the organization of the body? 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.)
1.) Cells 2.) Tissues 3.) Organs 4.) Organ Systems
________ independently carry out life processes.
Cells
If an organism 1) uses oxygen/nutrients, 2) produces CO2/waste & 3) synthesizes complex molecules it is considered?
Metabolically Active
What is metabolic arrest and name an example.
Temporary ceasing of normal metabolic functions, putting a heart in ice to preserve it
Over 200 cells in the body divide into 4 general categories:
Muscle, nerve, epithelial & connective tissue
What type of cells are found connecting bones, in the heart, or other internal organs that may be under voluntary or involuntary control?
Muscle cells/Muscle fibers
What type of cells function in transmitting electrical signals, control and regulate muscle contraction, gland secretion, sensory perception, thoughts, memory, emotions and much more?
Nerve cells/Neurons
What type of cells form a barrier by separating the body from the external environment, line hollow organs and form glands?
Epithelial cells/Epithelial Tissue = Epithelium
What forms the exocrine & endocrine glands?
Epithelium
What type of gland releases its product to the external environment?
Exocrine gland
What type of gland secretes into the blood stream?
Endocrine Gland
What category of cells do blood cells, bone cells, and fibroblasts lie under?
Connective tissue cells
What cells make up the extracellular matrix and name two fibers it consists of
Connective tissue cells, elastin and collagen
Composed of atleast 2 tissue tupes & perform specific funtions?
Organs
Collection of organs performing a particular task
Organ system
Organ system that consists of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus & pancreas & provides communication bw cells of the body thru the release of hormones into the bloodstream
Endocrine System
Organ system that consists of brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves to provide communication bw cells of the body thru electrical signals & the release of NT into small gaps bw certain cells
Nervous System
Organ system that consists of skeletal muscle, bones, tendons, ligaments that support the body & allow voluntary movement of the body & facial expressions
Musculoskeletal System
Organ system that consists of heart, blood vessels and blood that transports molecules throughout the body in the blood stream
Cardiovascular System
Organ system that consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra that functions with filtering the blood to regulate acidity, blood volume & ion concentrations & eliminates wastes
Urinary System
Organ system that consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine
Organ system that consists of the gonads, reproductive tracts and glands that functions to generate offspring
Reproduction System
Organ system that consists of white blood cells, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids that functions to defend the body against pathogens and abnormal cells
Immune System
Organ system that consists of the skin that functions to protect the body from the external environment
Integumentary System
3 systems that compose the external environment
Lumen of the repiratory system, GI system, urinary system
3 organs that exchange bw the external and internal environment
lungs, GI tract, kidneys
5 body fluid compartments?
- Total Body Water (TBW)
- Intracellular fluid (ICF)
- Extracellular fluid (ECF)
- Plasma
- Interstitial Fluid (ISF)
Homeostasis in action?
thermoregulation
process of maintaining stable internal environment compatible for life
exception?
Homeostasis
Reproductive sytem and blood clotting
3 components that maintain extracellular fluid and homeostasis
composition, temp, volume
primary mechanism for maintaing homeostasis that reverts the body system functions to set point
negative feedback
normal range for the variable in homeostasis
“Set Point”
Steps for negative feedback control
- Change in ________ environment
- Change in ________ environment
- Detected by ________ system
- Change in ____ system function
- Negative Feedback –> change in ________ environment
Steps for negative feedback control
- Change in external environment
- Change in internal environment
- Detected by internal system
- Change in body system function
- Negative Feedback –> change in internal environment
Positive feedback loops cause a _____ change in a variable
Example?
rapid
child birth
