Chapter 1: Intro to Disease

Question 1

scientific method

Answer 1

observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, hypothesis supported?, conclusions

Question 2

science

Answer 2

pursuit of knowledge, ask questions, test predictions, draw conclusions

Question 3

technology

Answer 3

products/ machinery used to solve problems/ enhance human life

Question 4

organization of the body

Answer 4

cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms

Question 5

cytology

Answer 5

the study of cells & their function

Question 6

prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

smaller cells, simpler, ex: bacteria

Question 7

eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

larger, have a nucleus, ex: animal, plant, human, fungal, protist

Question 8

function of nucleus

Answer 8

encloses the DNA

Question 9

function of the ribosomes

Answer 9

make/ synthesize the proteins

Question 10

function of the mitochondria

Answer 10

“powerhouse” of the cell, break down glucose to make energy (aka ATP)

Question 11

differences of a plant cell

Answer 11

chloroplast, cell wall & lack of centrioles

Question 12

mitosis

Answer 12

cell division of most body cells.

1. DNA replicates
2. Rest of cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells
   process: IPPMATC

Question 13

In mitosis, what does IPPMATC stand for?

Answer 13

Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Question 14

histology

Answer 14

the study of tissue

Question 15

the 4 types of tissue

Answer 15

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

Question 16

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 16

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Question 17

epithelial tissue

Answer 17

covering/ skinning of inside body & outside

Question 18

connective tissue

Answer 18

supports & connects. ex: bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage

Question 19

nervous tissue

Answer 19

nervous system, conducts electrical impluses to & from the brain & the rest of the body

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

all cells, tissues, organs & organ systems work together to mantain equilibrium/ the body as balance (steady state)

Question 21

disease

Answer 21

disequilibrium; abnormal function or structure in an organism

Question 22

pathology

Answer 22

the study of disease

Question 23

etiology

Answer 23

the study of the cause or source of a disease

Question 24

pathogen

Answer 24

organism that causes infection/ disease

Question 25

idiopathic

Answer 25

the cause of a disease/ infection is unknown

Question 26

lesion

Answer 26

abnormal tissue

ex: genetic defect, abnormal cells

Question 27

risk factors

Answer 27

exposes a person to a disease; increases the risk but does NOT mean they will get it

Question 28

types of risk factors

Answer 28

environmental, chemical, genetic, physiologic

Question 29

manifestation of disease

Answer 29

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Question 30

signs

Answer 30

objective evidence of disease, observed or measured by a physician. ex: vomiting, hair loss, high blood pressure

Question 31

symptoms (sx)

Answer 31

subjective indications of a disease, reported by the patient. ex: headache, nauseous

Question 32

diagnosis (Dx)

Answer 32

when a physician uses signs/symptoms (data) to identify/ define the disease & plan treatment

Question 33

prognosis

Answer 33

predicted course & outcome of a disease

Question 34

acute course of a disease

Answer 34

quick onset, short duration. ex: flu, measles, common cold

Question 35

chronic course of a disease

Answer 35

slow onset, long lived. ex: hypertension, cancer, heart disease

Question 36

terminal course of a disease

Answer 36

disease will end in death

Question 37

remission

Answer 37

signs & symptoms subside for a period of time

Question 38

exacerbation

Answer 38

signs/ symptoms grow heavily more severe for a period of time

Question 39

relapse

Answer 39

when symptoms/signs return weeks or months after remission

Question 40

complications

Answer 40

getting diseases from diseases. ex: kidney failure due to diabetes

Question 41

sequla

Answer 41

lasting abnormalities from a disease. ex: paralysis after polio

Question 42

palliative care

Answer 42

relieve/ manage symptoms reduce stress for patients & family

Question 43

epidemiology

Answer 43

the study of disease occurence

Question 44

mortality

Answer 44

number of deaths attributed to a disease

Question 45

morbidity

Answer 45

number of people living with a certain disease

Question 46

incidence

Answer 46

number of NEW cases of a disease in a population

Question 47

prevalence

Answer 47

number of cases of a disease of a given time in a given population

Question 48

4 modifiable risk factors

Answer 48

poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, tobacco use & excessive alcohol consumption