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A&P I > Chapter 1 - Intro to A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro to A&P Flashcards

1
Q

bios

A

life; biology

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2
Q

cardium

A

heart; pericardium

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3
Q

dorsum

A

back; dorsal

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4
Q

homeo

A

unchanging; homeostasis

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5
Q

-logy

A

the study of; biology

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6
Q

medianus

A

situated in the middle; median

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7
Q

paries

A

wall; parietal

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8
Q

pathos

A

disease; pathology

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9
Q

peri-

A

around; perimeter

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10
Q

pronus

A

inclined forward; prone

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11
Q

supinus

A

lying on back; supine

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12
Q

-stasis

A

standing; homeostasis

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13
Q

venter

A

belly or abdomen; ventral

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14
Q

Humans and many other animals are …

A

vertebrates. Characterized by a segmented vertebral column

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15
Q

Homeostasis

A

The goal of physiological regulation and the key to survival in a changing environment

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16
Q

Anatomy is …

A

the study of body structures (oldest medical science, 1600 BCE)

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17
Q

Physiology is …

A

the study of function (biochem, biology, chemistry, genetics)

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18
Q

Biology is …

A

the study of life.

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19
Q

5 characteristics of living organisms

A 
Responsiveness, 
Growth, 
Reproduction, 
Movement, 
Metabolism
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20
Q

Anatomists study:

A

Gross anatomy (macroscopic)
Microscopic anatomy
Physical relationships among body parts

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21
Q

6 types of gross anatomy

A 
Surface
Regional
Sectional
Systemic
Clinical
Developmental
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22
Q

Surface anatomy

A

exterior features

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23
Q

Regional anatomy

A

body areas

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24
Q

Sectional anatomy

A

cross sections

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25
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

organ systems

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26
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

medical specialties

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27
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

from conception to adulthood to include embryology

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28
Q

2 types of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology and histology

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29
Q

Cytology is …

A

the study of individual cells

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30
Q

Histology is…

A

the study of tissues

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31
Q

4 types of human physiology:

A

cell
organ
systemic
pathological

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32
Q

Cell physiology is…

A

processes within and between cells

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33
Q

Organ physiology is…

A

the functions of specific organs

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34
Q

Systemic physiology is…

A

the functions of an organ system

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35
Q

Pathological physiology is…

A

the effects of diseases

36
Q

List the 6 levels of organization of life from smallest to largest

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
37
Q

List the 11 organ systems of the body

A 
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
38
Q

The Integumentary System…

A

protects against environmental hazards and helps control body temperature (Skin, Hair, Sweat glands, Nails)

39
Q

The Skeletal System…

A

provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, forms blood (Bones, Cartilages, Associated Ligaments, Bone Marrow)

40
Q

The Muscular System…

A

allows for locomotion, provides support, produces heat (Skeletal muscles and associated tendons)

41
Q

The Nervous System…

A

directs immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems (Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs)

42
Q

The Endocrine System…

A

Directs long-term changes in activities of other organ systems (Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues in other systems)

43
Q

The Cardiovascular System…

A

Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gasses (Heart, Blood, Blood vessels)

44
Q

The Lymphatic System…

A

Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream (Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, Tonsils)

45
Q

The Respiratory System…

A

Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood (Nasal cavities, Sinuses, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Alveoli)

46
Q

The Digestive System…

A

Processes food and absorbs nutrients (Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)

47
Q

The Urinary System…

A

Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products (Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)

48
Q

The Reproductive System…

A

Produces sex cells and hormones (Male: testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum; Female: Ovaries, Uterine tubes, uterus, Vagina, Labia, Clitoris, Mammary glands)

49
Q

2 types of homeostatic regulation mechanisms

A

Autoregulation and extrinsic regulation

50
Q

Regulation depends on…

A

Receptor, Control Center, Effector

51
Q

Receptor:

A

A site sensitive to a particular stimulus

52
Q

Control Center

A

receives and processes information from the receptor

53
Q

Effector

A

responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity opposes or reinforces the stimulus

54
Q

Negative feedback

A

The response of the effector negates the stimulus

55
Q

Positive feedback

A

Stimulus produces response that amplifies the stimulus and body is moved away from homeostasis

56
Q

_ abdominopelvic quadrants

A

4

57
Q

_ abdominopelvic regions

A

9

58
Q

anterior

A

the front; before

59
Q

ventral

A

the belly side

60
Q

posterior

A

the back

61
Q

dorsal

A

the back

62
Q

cranial or cephalic

A

the head

63
Q

superior

A

above or at a higher level

64
Q

caudal

A

the tail or coccyx

65
Q

inferior

A

below or at a lower level

66
Q

medial

A

toward the body’s longitudianal axis

67
Q

lateral

A

away from the body’s logitudinal axis

68
Q

proximal

A

toward an attached base

69
Q

distal

A

away from an attached base

70
Q

superficial

A

at, near, or relatively close to the body surface

71
Q

deep

A

farther from the body surface

72
Q

sagittal plane

A

plane is oriented to parallel to the long axis

73
Q

transverse or horizontal

A

oriented perpendicular to the long axis

74
Q

frontal or coronal plane

A

parallel to the long axis

75
Q

Serous Membranes (serosa)

A

Line body cavities and cover organs; consist of parietal layer and visceral layer

76
Q

Parietal layer

A

lines cavity

77
Q

Visceral layer

A

covers organ

78
Q

The diaphram subdivides the:

A

Ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity nad abdominopelvic cavity

79
Q

Parts of the thoracic cavity

A

Pleural cavities (L and R), Mediastinum, pericardial cavity

80
Q

Parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, peritoneal membrane

81
Q

Contains the heart

A

pericardial cavity

82
Q

Contains the trachea, esophagus, and thymus

A

Mediastinum

83
Q

Contains digestive organs

A

Abdominal cavity

84
Q

Contains pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and parts of the digestive tract

A

Retroperitoneal space

85
Q

Contains reproductive organs, rectum, and bladder

A

Pelvic cavity

A&P I (2 decks)

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