Chapter 1 - Intro to A&P Flashcards
1
Q
bios
A
life; biology
2
Q
cardium
A
heart; pericardium
3
Q
dorsum
A
back; dorsal
4
Q
homeo
A
unchanging; homeostasis
5
Q
-logy
A
the study of; biology
6
Q
medianus
A
situated in the middle; median
7
Q
paries
A
wall; parietal
8
Q
pathos
A
disease; pathology
9
Q
peri-
A
around; perimeter
10
Q
pronus
A
inclined forward; prone
11
Q
supinus
A
lying on back; supine
12
Q
-stasis
A
standing; homeostasis
13
Q
venter
A
belly or abdomen; ventral
14
Q
Humans and many other animals are …
A
vertebrates. Characterized by a segmented vertebral column
15
Q
Homeostasis
A
The goal of physiological regulation and the key to survival in a changing environment
16
Q
Anatomy is …
A
the study of body structures (oldest medical science, 1600 BCE)
17
Q
Physiology is …
A
the study of function (biochem, biology, chemistry, genetics)
18
Q
Biology is …
A
the study of life.
19
Q
5 characteristics of living organisms
A
Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Movement, Metabolism
20
Q
Anatomists study:
A
Gross anatomy (macroscopic)
Microscopic anatomy
Physical relationships among body parts
21
Q
6 types of gross anatomy
A
Surface Regional Sectional Systemic Clinical Developmental
22
Q
Surface anatomy
A
exterior features
23
Q
Regional anatomy
A
body areas
24
Q
Sectional anatomy
A
cross sections
25
Systemic anatomy
organ systems
26
Clinical anatomy
medical specialties
27
Developmental anatomy
from conception to adulthood to include embryology
28
2 types of microscopic anatomy
Cytology and histology
29
Cytology is ...
the study of individual cells
30
Histology is...
the study of tissues
31
4 types of human physiology:
cell
organ
systemic
pathological
32
Cell physiology is...
processes within and between cells
33
Organ physiology is...
the functions of specific organs
34
Systemic physiology is...
the functions of an organ system
35
Pathological physiology is...
the effects of diseases
36
List the 6 levels of organization of life from smallest to largest
```
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
```
37
List the 11 organ systems of the body
```
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
```
38
The Integumentary System...
protects against environmental hazards and helps control body temperature (Skin, Hair, Sweat glands, Nails)
39
The Skeletal System...
provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, forms blood (Bones, Cartilages, Associated Ligaments, Bone Marrow)
40
The Muscular System...
allows for locomotion, provides support, produces heat (Skeletal muscles and associated tendons)
41
The Nervous System...
directs immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems (Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs)
42
The Endocrine System...
Directs long-term changes in activities of other organ systems (Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues in other systems)
43
The Cardiovascular System...
Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gasses (Heart, Blood, Blood vessels)
44
The Lymphatic System...
Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream (Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, Tonsils)
45
The Respiratory System...
Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood (Nasal cavities, Sinuses, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Alveoli)
46
The Digestive System...
Processes food and absorbs nutrients (Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
47
The Urinary System...
Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products (Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
48
The Reproductive System...
Produces sex cells and hormones (Male: testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum; Female: Ovaries, Uterine tubes, uterus, Vagina, Labia, Clitoris, Mammary glands)
49
2 types of homeostatic regulation mechanisms
Autoregulation and extrinsic regulation
50
Regulation depends on...
Receptor, Control Center, Effector
51
Receptor:
A site sensitive to a particular stimulus
52
Control Center
receives and processes information from the receptor
53
Effector
responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity opposes or reinforces the stimulus
54
Negative feedback
The response of the effector negates the stimulus
55
Positive feedback
Stimulus produces response that amplifies the stimulus and body is moved away from homeostasis
56
_ abdominopelvic quadrants
4
57
_ abdominopelvic regions
9
58
anterior
the front; before
59
ventral
the belly side
60
posterior
the back
61
dorsal
the back
62
cranial or cephalic
the head
63
superior
above or at a higher level
64
caudal
the tail or coccyx
65
inferior
below or at a lower level
66
medial
toward the body's longitudianal axis
67
lateral
away from the body's logitudinal axis
68
proximal
toward an attached base
69
distal
away from an attached base
70
superficial
at, near, or relatively close to the body surface
71
deep
farther from the body surface
72
sagittal plane
plane is oriented to parallel to the long axis
73
transverse or horizontal
oriented perpendicular to the long axis
74
frontal or coronal plane
parallel to the long axis
75
Serous Membranes (serosa)
Line body cavities and cover organs; consist of parietal layer and visceral layer
76
Parietal layer
lines cavity
77
Visceral layer
covers organ
78
The diaphram subdivides the:
Ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity nad abdominopelvic cavity
79
Parts of the thoracic cavity
Pleural cavities (L and R), Mediastinum, pericardial cavity
80
Parts of the abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, peritoneal membrane
81
Contains the heart
pericardial cavity
82
Contains the trachea, esophagus, and thymus
Mediastinum
83
Contains digestive organs
Abdominal cavity
84
Contains pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and parts of the digestive tract
Retroperitoneal space
85
Contains reproductive organs, rectum, and bladder
Pelvic cavity
