Chapter 1 Intro

Question 1

What is Microbiology?

Answer 1

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms

Question 2

Microorganisms include:

Answer 2

Also called Microbes

Bacteria 
Fungi (mold, fungus)
Virus (infections ex. flu)
Algae (photosynthetic ex. seaweed)
Helminths (worms)
Protozoa  (parasitic disease)

Question 3

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Prokaryotes (pre-nucleus)

Includes:
bacteria & archaea

No nucleus or organelles
Small & simple
Unicellular

Question 4

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Eukaryotes (true-nucleus)

Includes:
Fungi 
Protozoa (unicellular)
Algae
Helminths (animal parasites) 

Contains nucleus

Question 5

What is a virus?

Answer 5

Virus is acellular (non-cellular)

Contains a protein coat & hereditary chemicals

Viruses can only reproduce by using the cellular machinery of other organisms

Question 6

How do these microbes compare?

1. Eukaryotes
2. Viruses
3. Prokaryotes

Answer 6

1. Eukaryotes:

Contains nucleus
Organelles

unicellular or multicellular

Question 7

2. Viruses

Answer 7

3. Prokaryotes

Question 8

What are the three domains?

Answer 8

1. Bacteria (prokaryote)
2. Archaea (prokaryote)
3. Eukarya (eukaryote)

Question 9

Correct taxonomic grouping of microbes:

Did King Phillip Cry Out For Goodness Sakes

Answer 9

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 10

What is Nomenclature?

Answer 10

It’s the proper name for organisms

Binomial naming= two names

1. Genus 
2. Species

Example: Alicia vickery (underlined)
Italics on computer
First name is capitalized
Second name is lower case

Question 11

“Good” side of microbes:

Answer 11

Microorganisms actually help maintain the balance of life in our environment.

Marine and freshwater micro organisms form the basis of the food chain in the ocean lakes and rivers.

Soil microbes help breakdown waste and incorporate nitrogen gas from the air into organic compounds; by recycling chemical elements amount soil, water, living organisms, and air.

Certain microbes help in photosynthesis.

Human/animals depend on microbes in our intestines for digestion and synthesis of some vitamins.

Microorganisms are used in the synthesis of chemical products such as vitamins, alcohols, and many drugs.

The food industry also uses microbes. Examples: soy sauce, cheese, yogurt, bread, and alcoholic beverages.

Enzymes from microbes can be manipulated to cause the microbes to produce substances that don’t normally synthesize. Examples: drain cleaner, digestive aids, insulin

Question 12

Microbes will always be a source of infectious disease?

Answer 12

True:

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals.

Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens

Infectious diseases can be spread from one person

Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide.