Chapter 1: Intro

Question 1

A consideration of the structure of the human body.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Anatomy asks ___.

Answer 2

what the structure looks like and how it’s constructed

Question 3

Multicellular organisms consist of ___.

Answer 3

structural hierarchies

Question 4

Cells are ___.

Answer 4

groups of atoms, molecules, and organelles working together

Question 5

Tissues are ___.

Answer 5

groups of similar cells working together

Question 6

Organs are ___.

Answer 6

groups of different tissues working together

Question 7

What is the central goal of anatomy and physiology?

Answer 7

Homeostatis

Question 8

Homeostasis is ___.

Answer 8

regulation of cells’ internal environment

Question 9

Disease is a failure of ___.

Answer 9

homeostasis

Question 10

Things that get through the membrane easily are ___, ___, and ___ molecules, like fatty acids and vitamins.

Answer 10

hydrophobic, lipophilic, nonpolar

Question 11

Things that do not get through the membrane easily are ___, ___, and ___ molecules, like polysaccharides and amino acids.

Answer 11

hydrophilic, lipophobic, polar

Question 12

In this form of membrane transport, concentration does not change.

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

In this type of diffusion, pores or carrier channels are needed.

Answer 13

Facilitated

Question 14

In this type of diffusion, the process is totally unaided.

Answer 14

Simple

Question 15

In this type of membrane transport, concentration does change.

Answer 15

Active

Question 16

This type of transport requires the use of ATP.

Answer 16

Active

Question 17

This type of transport is determined by saturation kinetics –unequal concentration at the end.

Answer 17

Active

Question 18

This type of transport is determined by linear kinetics –more stuff means more transport.

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

This type of transport is determined by saturation kinetics – equal concentration at the end.

Answer 19

Active

Question 20

What things are regulated by homeostasis?

Answer 20

body temperature
body fluid composition
body fluid volume
waste product concentration
blood pressure.

Question 21

If a regulated variable has a normal range, this means that it’s regulated by ___.

Answer 21

homeostasis

Question 22

This is a method of sensing a change in a regulated variable and responding to it.

Answer 22

Reflex arc

Question 23

What are the steps to a reflex arc?

Answer 23

receptor –> afferent pathway –> integrator –> efferent pathway -> effector

Question 24

What does the receptor do in a reflex arc?

Answer 24

It notices a change and responds to it by sending a signal down the afferent pathway.

Question 25

What does the integrator do in a reflex arc?

Answer 25

It interprets the signal from the receptor and formulates an appropriate signal for the efferent pathway.

Question 26

What does the afferent pathway do in a relax arc?

Answer 26

It carries the signal to the integrator.

Question 27

What does an effector do in a reflex arc?

Answer 27

It responds to the change to restore homeostasis.

Question 28

What does the efferent pathway do in a reflex arc?

Answer 28

It carries the signal from the integrator to the effector.

Question 29

This type of feedback loop is where downward deviation results in a positive upward stimulus, or vice versa.

Answer 29

Negative

Question 30

This type of feedback loop where upward deviation results in a positive upward stimulus, or vice versa.

Answer 30

Positive

Question 31

Reflex arcs can be ___, ___, or both, which is called ___.

Answer 31

Neural, hormonal, neuroendocrine

Question 32

Blood pressure is an example of a ___ reflex arc.

Answer 32

Neural

Question 33

When blood pressure is too high, the integrator is the ___.

Answer 33

medulla oblongata

Question 34

The ___ make up the afferent pathway when blood pressure rises, awhile the ___ make up the efferent pathway.

Answer 34

nerves, cardiac nerves

Question 35

The ___ is the receptor when blood pressure gets too high.

Answer 35

aorta

Question 36

Glucose being too high is an example of a ___ reflex arc.

Answer 36

hormonal

Question 37

Childbirth is an example of a ___ reflex arc.

Answer 37

neuroendocrine

Question 38

Typically, the first part of a neuroendocrine reflex arc is ___ and the second is ___.

Answer 38

neural, hormonal