Chapter 1 - Intro Flashcards
Earths layers consist of? (5 layers)
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Core
Atmosphere:
The air surrounding the Earth
Biosphere:
The part of Earth’s environment which living organisms are found
Hydrosphere:
The body of water closest to the surface
Lithosphere:
The upper layer of solid Earth, comprising all crustal rocks and brittle part of the upper most mantle
Mantle:
The zone lying between the Earth’s crust and core
Core:
The central zone/unit of the Earth. Composed of Iron (Fe).
Scientific Method Steps:
1 - ask a question
2 - propose hypothesis
3 - collect data
4 - analyze the data
5 - draw conclusions
Name the 5 greenhouse gases
Carbon Dioxide - CO₂
Methane - CH4
Nitrous Oxide - N₂O
Chlorofluorocarbons
Water Vapor
Minerals are:
Composed of one or more elements that are bonded in various ways. (90 elements total, but 8 are most common)
The 3 types of rocks are:
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
Igneous rock:
Crystallization of magma or lava
Example: Basalt, Obsidian
Sedimentary rock:
Formed from pieces of other rocks that have been physically or chemically weathered
Example: Coal, shale, limestone
Metamorphic rock:
Rocks altered by heat, pressure, or hydrothermal liquids
Example: Marble, slate
4 reasons everyone should study Geology:
- Supply things society needs
- Avoid geologic hazards
- To understand how to protect our environment
- To better appreciate our surroundings
Use anagram SAPA (Supply, Avoid, Protect, Appreciate)
Layers of the Earth are:
[Lithosphere:
{Crust
Upper Mantle]
Athenosphere
Lower Mantle}
Outer Core
Inner Core
3 ways the plates move:
Divergent (spread/move away)
Convergent (collide)
Transform (slide past)
4 subsystem “spheres” of Earth
Geosphere (rock)
Atmosphere (gases/air)
Hydrosphere (water)
Biosphere (living things)
Atmosphere is made up of:
4 “spheres”
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Geologic time scale consists of:
Eons (1 billion, 2 or more Eras)
Eras (100s of mil of years, 2 or more Periods)
Periods (10s of mil of years, composed of several Epochs)
Epochs (smallest unit of time, divided into ages)
Scientific notation for billions, millions and thousands of years is written as:
Ga - Giga Annum (billion)
Ma - Mega Annum (million)
ka - kilo annum (thousand)
