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macOS Support Essentials 11 > Chapter 1 - Installation and Configuration > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Installation and Configuration Flashcards

1
Q

Which two Apple-developed and -engineered industry standards that Apple shared with the developer community have contributed to the success of macOS?

A

Multicast Domain Name Server (mDNS) for networking and the Swift programming language for writing software are two industry standards that Apple shared with the developer community and have contributed to the success of macOS.

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2
Q

What is the default file system for all Mac computers running macOS Big Sur?

A

The default file system for all Mac computers is Apple File System (APFS).

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3
Q

When you upgrade a Mac with a version of macOS earlier than macOS High Sierra (SSD storage) or Catalina (Fusion or hard disk drives), the startup disk is formatted with macOS Extended (HFS+) Journaled.

What happens to the startup disk when you upgrade to macOS Big Sur?

A

The startup disk is automatically converted to APFS when you upgrade to macOS Big Sur.

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4
Q

What are some of the new features of macOS Big Sur?

A

macOS Big Sur new features include the following:

  • New design for refined experience
  • New Control Center for macOS
  • Updated Notification Center with notifications and widgets in s single dedicated column
  • Updated Safari with new privacy reports
  • Improved Messages
  • Redesigned Maps
  • New App Store privacy information
  • Time Machine improvements
  • Improved accessibility features
  • Mac Catalyst improvements
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5
Q

Which privacy and security enhancements does macOS Big Sur improve?

A

macOS Big Sur privacy and security enhancements include the following:

  • Signed System Volume: macOS Big Sur introduces a cryptographically signed system volume that protects against malicious tampering. It also means that your Mac knows the exact layout of your system volume, allowing it to begin software updates in the background while you work.
  • Faster Updates: When macOS Big Sur is installed, software updates begin in the background and complete faster than before - so it’s easier than ever to keep your Mac up to date and secure.
  • Privacy Information on the App Store: A new section on each app’s page on the App Store helps you understand the privacy practices of the app before you download it.
  • Self-reported Privacy Practices: Developers self-report their app privacy practices on the App Store. See the types of data their app might collect - like usage data, contact information, or location - and whether that data is shared with third parties.
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6
Q

Where ca you access a guided tour to learn about new macOS Big Sur 11 features and how to navigate your Mac?

A

You can see a guided tour in the Finder when you click the Help menu.

You can choose the following commands:

  • See What’s New in macOS
  • New to Mac? Tour the basics
  • macOS User Guide
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7
Q

What are the differences between a macOS Update, Upgrade, Install, Reinstall?

A

The following are the differences between a macOS Update, Upgrade, Install, Reinstall:

  • macOS Update: Installs an incremental update of macOS but doesn’t upgrade it to the next major version.
  • macOS Upgrade: Installs the next major standalone version
  • Install: Installs macOS on a volume that doesn’t have macOS - for instance, a volume that you erased
  • Reinstall: Installs the same major version of macOS on a disk that already has macOS installed. (This overwrites the existing system files but leaves apps, user home folders, and other files in-place).
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8
Q

What steps should you take before you upgrade to macOS Big Sur?

A

Before you upgrade to macOS Big Sur, you should take these steps:

  1. Verify installation requirements
  2. Plug MacBook computers into power
  3. Verify app compatibility
  4. Back up important content
  5. Document network settings
  6. Open Software Update in System Preference or open the App Store.
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9
Q

What are the system requirements to upgrade to macOS Big Sur?

A

These are the system requirements to upgrade to macOS Big Sur:

  • OS X Mavericks 10.9 or later
  • 4 GB of memory
  • Available Storage Space
  • 35.5 GB of available storage space for an upgrade from macOS Sierra 10.12 or 44.5 GB of available storage space to upgrade from an earlier release
  • Compatible internet service provider
  • Apple ID for some features
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10
Q

How do you check your Mac for app updates?

A

To check your Mac for app updates, go to the App Store, click Updates, and click the Update buttons for the app updates that you want to install.

Or, you can click the Update All button to install all of the app updates.

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11
Q

How can you get the macOS installer?

A

The macOS Installer is free and available in the App Store.

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12
Q

How do you reinstall macOS form macOS Recovery?

A

To reinstall macOS from macOS Recovery, start up from macOS Recovery, go to Utilities, select Install macOS, and continue to the license agreement.

If it’s acceptable, click Agree, select your volume or show all disks, and select your volume and install.

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13
Q

What can you use to troubleshoot macOS installation issues?

A

To troubleshoot macOS installation issues form the macOS Installer, select the Window menu and then choose Installer Log.

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14
Q

What does the macOS Installer do with incompatible files and settings during an upgrade?

A

The Install macOS Big Sur app moves files into a Relocated Items folder in the /Users/Shared Folder of your startup volume for review after the upgrade is complete.

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15
Q

What are the oldest hardware models which are compatible with macOS Big Sur?

A

The oldest hardware models which are compatible macOS Big Sur are as follows:

  • MacBook Pro (Retina 13- or 15-inch, Late 2013)
  • MacBook Air (11- or 13-inch, Mid 2013)
  • MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015)
  • iMac Pro (2017)
  • iMac (21.5 inch, Mid 2014)
  • Mac mini (Late 2014)
  • Mac Pro (Late 2013)
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16
Q

Which tool guides you through the initial macOS Big Sur configuration?

A

Setup Assistant guides you through the macOS Big Sur configuration process.

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17
Q

Which feature can significantly improve Apple ID security on Mac computers that have iCloud enabled?

A

Two-factor authentication can improve Apple ID security if iCloud is enabled.

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18
Q

Which key features do you gain by settings up iCloud?

A

A key feature of iCloud is providing cloud storage and communication services for apps, including iCloud Drive, Photos, Calendars, Reminders, Notes, Siri, Safari, Find My, Contacts, News, Stocks, and Home

iCloud Keychain is also enabled if the Apple ID you entered has two-factor authentication.

If the Apple ID you entered belongs to the @Mac.com, @me.com, or @iCloud.com domain, Mail is also configured.

If you enter an Apple ID that belongs to someone under the age of 13 (made possible with Apple School Manager or Family Sharing), no iCloud services are turned on by default.

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19
Q

Where can you manage iCloud settings after you configure macOS Big Sur?

A

After you set up macOS Big Sur, you can manage iCloud settings by opening System Preferences, selecting Apple ID, then selecting the iCloud pane.

20
Q

What’s a Configuration Profile?

How do you install or remove a Configuration Profile?

A

A Configuration Profile is a document with the filename extension .mobileconfig that contains system settings as defined by an administrator.

When you open a Configuration Profile document, macOS Big Sur opens the Profiles preferences and prompts you to install the profile.

If you install the profile, macOS configures the settings contained in the profile.

You can remove installed profiles through Profiles preferences.

21
Q

Where can you find system information and repair and warranty coverage information for your Mac?

A

You can find the system information and repair and warranty coverage information for your Mac in the About This Mac window.

22
Q

If a Preference Pane is not displayed in System Preferences, how can you display it?

A

If a Preference Pane is not displayed in System Preferences, chose View > Show All Preferences.

23
Q

What are some advantages of using the command-line interface?

A

The command-line interface provides these advantages:

  • Additional administrative and troubleshooting options
  • More access to the file system
  • A remote login using the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol
  • Any administrator can run commands as the system administrator user or root, using sudo
  • The ability to automate repetitive tasks using scripting
  • The ability to remotely administer multiple, even thousands, of Mac computers simultaneously using Apple Remote Desktop
  • The documentation found in man pages provides an explanation of command usage and references to other related commands
24
Q

What are the four parts of a command string?

A

The four parts of the command string are as follows:

  1. Command Name
  2. Command Options
  3. Arguments
  4. Extras
25
Q

Which terminal command should you use to perform the following tasks?

  • Print working directory
  • List
  • Change directory
  • Indicate parent directory
  • Indicate current user home folder
  • Create a folder
  • Run the command with root account access
  • Clear the Terminal screen
  • Use the Spotlight index to find a file
A

Use these commands to perform the following tasks:

  • Print working directory: pwd
  • List: ls
  • Change directory: cd
  • Indicate parent directory: ..
  • Indicate current user home folder: ~
  • Create a folder: mkdir
  • Run the command with root account access: sudo
  • Clear the Terminal screen: clear or press Control-L
  • You can search for files with the Spotlight index using mdfind.
26
Q

Which key should you use if you want to automatically complete filenames, pathnames, and command names?

A

You should use the Tab key to automatically complete filenames, pathnames, and command names.

27
Q

What is the new default shell interpreter in macOS Big Sur?

A

The Z shell (zsh) is now the default shell in macOS Big Sur, but the bash shell is still available.

28
Q

Which utilities are available when you start up from macOS Recovery?

A 
When you start up from macOS Recovery, you can access:
-Restore from Time Machine Backup
-Install / Reinstall macOS
-Get Help Online through Safari
-Disk Utility
-Startup Disk
-Startup Security Utility
Terminal

With Terminal, you can run the resetpassword command to reset a password for a local account.

Additionally, for Mac computers with Apple silicon, you can use Share Disk to share files with another Mac that’s connected by a USB, USB-C, or Thunderbolt cable.

29
Q

How do you start up from macOS Recovery on a Mac with Apple silicon?

A

If your Mac with Apple silicon is turned on, shut down your Mac.

Press and hold the power button until you see “Loading startup options”. A new screen appears that displays the available startup volumes and an options icon.

Use the arrow keys, the mouse or trackpad to select Options, then press Return or click Continue.

30
Q

What are the different macOS Recovery options and startup key combinations for Intel-based Mac computers?

A

For Intel-based Mac computers, macOS Recovery installs different versions of macOS depending on the startup key combination you use:

  • Command-R: Installs the macOS that was installed on your Mac without upgrading to the latest version.
  • Option-Command-R: Upgrades to the latest macOS that’s compatible with your Mac.
  • Shift-Option-Command-R: Installs the macOS that came with your Mac or the version closest to it that’s still available.
31
Q

What are three Startup Disk security policies for a Mac with Apple silicon?

A

The three Startup Disk security policies for a Mac with Apple silicon are:

  1. Full Security
  2. Reduced Security
  3. Permissive Security
32
Q

Which tool should you use to set a firmware password for your Intel-based Mac?

A

You can use Startup Security Utility to set a firmware password for your Intel-based Mac.

33
Q

How do you access Startup Security Utility?

A

Startup Security Utility is available only when you start from macOS Recovery.

From the Utilities menu, choose Startup Security Utility.

34
Q

When are you asked to enter the firmware password when you set a firmware password for an Intel-based Mac?

A

You’ll see a prompt for a firmware password if you turn on your Intel-based Mac and press a modifier key or keys to change the way the Mac starts up, such as T, D, Command-S, Command-R, or Option.

The firmware password prompt appears after you restart or turn on your Mac and then immediately press and hold boot modifier keys like Option or Command-R.

(You release the keys when you see the Apple logo, a spinning globe, or the prompt for a firmware password).

35
Q

When does your Mac require you to enter an administrator password before you can access macOS Recovery?

A

If your Mac has FileVault or Activation Lock turned on, you must provide an administrator password before you can access macOS Recovery.

36
Q

What are the default Startup Security Utility options for Secure Boot and Allowed Boot Media for an Intel-based Mac with the T2 Security Chip?

A

By default, for an Intel-based Mac with the Apple T2 Security Chip, Secure Boot is set to Full Security, and Allowed Boot Media is set to: “Disallow booting from external or removable media”

37
Q

What does the Secure Boot setting of Full Security provide to an Intel-based Mac with the T2 Security Chip?

A

For an Intel-based Mac with the Apple T2 Security Chip, the Full Security setting ensures that your Mac will start up only from operating systems that are trusted by Apple and are still being signed by Apple.

38
Q

How can you create an external macOS installation disk?

A

You can create a macOS Recovery disk that includes the macOS Big Sur tools and installation assets with the createinstallmedia command-line tool in the macOS Installer app

39
Q

How do you revive or restore a Mac with Apple Silicon?

A

Use Apple Configurator 2 to revive or restore your Mac with Apple Silicon.

40
Q

Which software does the automatic software update method in macOS Big Sur attempt to update?

A

macOS attempts to update this software:

  • Updates and upgrades to macOS and software bundled with macOS
  • Updates to software you bought from the App Store
41
Q

What account credentials do you need to change Software Update preferences?

A

You need administrator account credentials to change Software Update preferences.

42
Q

How does macOS tell you that a software update is available from the App Store?

A

macOS treats macOS updates separately from App Store updates.

For software updates, macOS displays an Updates Available notification with an App Store icon when updates are available and ready to be installed.

In addition, a red badge appears next to the App Store icon.

The Mac checks for updates daily.

Use the keyboard shortcut Command-R to refresh the list of updates.

43
Q

How does macOS tell you that a system update is available?

A

macOS treats macOS updates separately from App Store updates.

For system updates, macOS displays an Updates Available notification in an alert with a System Update icon.

In addition, a red badge appears next to the System Preferences icon.

The Mac checks for updates daily.

Open the Software Update preferences to refresh the list of available updates.

44
Q

Which app should you open to initiate Apple software updates?

A

You should open the App Store to initiate software updates.

The Software Update preferences in System Preferences manages system software updates

45
Q

Which items are always installed, by default, through automatic software updates?

A

System data files and security updates are automatically installed, by default, when they’re available.

46
Q

What’s the best way to learn what software is installed on a Mac?

A

System Information shows all software installed through the App Store or the Installer app, including installations form Apple and third parties.

macOS Support Essentials 11 (2 decks)

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