Chapter 1 Information representation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bit and what is its value?

A

One bit is the smallest unit of a computer memory and the value is 1 or 0.

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2
Q

What is a byte?

A

One byte is a group of eight bits.

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3
Q

How many bytes has one kilobyte?

A

1024 bytes.

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4
Q

One megabyte how many kylobytes?

A

1024 kylobytes.

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5
Q

One gigabyte how many megabytes?

A

1024 megabytes.

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6
Q

What is the difference between denary and decimal number? What are the digits of this system.

A

Denary and decimal are synonims.

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

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7
Q

What are the digits of hexadecimal numbering system?

A

0 to 9, A to F

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8
Q

How do you transform a denary number to a hexadecimal number for example 20?

A

20:16 = 1
20-16 = 4
4:1=4
Hexadecimal value = 0014

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9
Q

What is the file extension of bitmap?

A

The file extension for bitmap is .bmp

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10
Q

What is the file extension of a vector graphics image?

A

The file extension of a vector graphics image is .svg

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11
Q

What is color depth?

A

Color depth is the number of colors that can be used in an image.

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12
Q

How are pictures stored?

A
A picture is stored pixel by pixel(position and color):
The colors can be stored:
- 24 bit color - 16 million colors
- Monochrome ( one bit)
- 16 color (4 bit)
- 256 color (8 bit color)
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13
Q

Audio formats.

A

WAV -high quality - very large
MP3 - Smaller suitable for websites
MIDI - The smallest and saves the recording like a piece of sheet music. It needs a music synthesizer.

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14
Q

What does bit rate mean?

A

Bit rate means the number of bits used to store one second of sound or video.

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15
Q

What does the bit rate depend on?

A

It depends on:

  • sample rate (number of times the sound changes per second)
  • number of channels (mono, stereo, quad etc.)
  • bit depth (range of sound frequencies used or the range of different notes in a music.).
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16
Q

How to determine bit rate(storage)?

A

sample rate x number of channels x bit depth = bit rate (storage)

17
Q

What is the difference between lossless and lossy comprassion.

A

In lossless compression the size of the file gets reduced like in lossy but, it doesn’t lose data quality.

18
Q

What could happen when sound is compressed?

A

The music might use fewer channels, have lower sample rate or to have reduced bit depth.

19
Q

How much is 1111 as an unsigned integer?

A

2^4-1=15

4 is the number of ones

20
Q

What is an unsigned integer?

A

An unsigned integer is a value that can’t be negative.

21
Q

What are signed integers?

A

Signed integers are values that can be negative

22
Q

How are signed integers usually stored?

A

Signed integers are usually stored using two’s complement or one’s complement.

23
Q

How does one’s complement work?

A

Switch the 0 -> 1 and 1 -> 0

24
Q

How to do two’s complement?

A

Do one’s complement first and then add 1
Or
Start from the least significant bit and leave all the 0s and the first 1 unchanged. Then, switch all the remaining bits.