Chapter 1 Human Anatomy

Question 1

anterior (ventral)

Answer 1

toward the front

Question 2

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 2

toward the back

Question 3

superior

Answer 3

toward the head

Question 4

inferior

Answer 4

away from the head

Question 5

medial

Answer 5

toward the midline of the body

Question 6

lateral

Answer 6

away from the midline of the body

Question 7

proximal

Answer 7

toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Question 8

distal

Answer 8

away from the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Question 9

superficial

Answer 9

external; located close to or on the body surface

Question 10

deep

Answer 10

internal; located further beneath the body surface than the superficial structures

Question 11

cervical

Answer 11

regional term referring to the neck

Question 12

thoracic

Answer 12

regional term referring to the portion of the body between the neck and the abdomen; aka chest (thorax)

Question 13

lumbar

Answer 13

regional term referring to the portion of the back between the abdomen and the pelvis

Question 14

plantar

Answer 14

the sole or bottom of the feet

Question 15

dorsal

Answer 15

the top surface of the feet and hands

Question 16

palmar

Answer 16

the anterior or ventral surface of the hands

Question 17

saggital plane

Answer 17

a longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections

Question 18

frontal plane

Answer 18

a longitudinal (imaginary) section that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; lies at a right angle to the saggital plane

Question 19

transverse plane

Answer 19

aka horizontal plane, an imaginary line that divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior sections.

Question 20

epithelial tissue

Answer 20

a tissue that lines various body cavities

Question 21

how does blood travel throughout the body

Answer 21

travels a circular route, through the heart, into the arteries, then to the capillaries, into the veins, and back to the heart

Question 22

plasma

Answer 22

the liquid component of the blood responsible of carrying hormones, plasma proteins, food materials (carbs, amino acids, lipids), ions

Question 23

arteries

Answer 23

arterioles, carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

Question 24

veins

Answer 24

venues, return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

Question 25

aorta

Answer 25

large arteries, thick and elastic and are passively stretched as blood is ejected from the heart

Question 26

arteriosclerosis

Answer 26

hardening of the arteries and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque accumulation

Question 27

antro

Answer 27

mean: joint
term: arthritis
definition: inflammation in a joint

Question 28

bi

Answer 28

mean: two
term: biceps
definition: two-headed muscle

Question 29

brachium

Answer 29

mean: arm
term: brchialis
definition: muscle of the arm

Question 30

cardio

Answer 30

mean: heart
term: cardiology
definition: the study of the heart

Question 31

cephalo

Answer 31

mean: head
term: cephalic
definition: pertaining to the head

Question 32

chondro

Answer 32

mean: cartilage
term: chondroectomy
definition: excision of a cartilage

Question 33

costo

Answer 33

mean: rib
term: costochondral
defintion: pertaining to a rib and its cartilage

Question 34

dermo

Answer 34

mean: skin
term: dermatitis
definition: inflammation of the skin

Question 35

hemo, hemat

Answer 35

mean: blood
term: hemorrhage
definition: internal or external bleeding

Question 36

anatomical position

Answer 36

a person standing erect with head, eyes, and palms facing forward. the feet are together with the ones pointing forward and the arms are hanging by the sides.

Question 37

what is a tissue that lines various cavity bodies and its function is to prepare ingested food for digestion

Answer 37

epithelial tissue

Question 38

what is the cardiorespiratory (or circulatory) system composed of

Answer 38

heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 39

what is the liquid component of the blood and is responsible for carrying hormones, plasma proteins, and food materials (ie, carbs, amino acids, lipids), ions, and gases

Answer 39

plasma

Question 40

what are the formed elements that are contained in plasma

Answer 40

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 41

what do arteries and arterioles do?

Answer 41

carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

Question 42

what do veins and venules do?

Answer 42

return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

Question 43

what do capillaries do?

Answer 43

provide sites for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between the blood and tissues

Question 44

define arteriosclerosis

Answer 44

hardening of the arteries and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque accumulation. gives way to increase blood pressure which is associated with aging.

Question 45

what is systole blood

Answer 45

refers to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, during which blood leaves the ventricles

Question 46

what is diastole blood

Answer 46

refers to the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, during which blood fills the ventricles

Question 47

what is a cardiac cycle

Answer 47

the period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

Question 48

what are the 6 basic processes the digestive system carries out

Answer 48

(1) ingestion of food into the mouth (2) movement of food along the digestive tract (3) mechanical preparation of food for digestion (4) chemical digestion of food (5) absorption of digested food into the circulatory and lymphatic systems (6) elimination of indigestible substances and waste products from the body by defication