Chapter 1: History of Microbiology Flashcards
What is a microbe?
Anything that is too small to be seen with a naked eye. Smaller than .1 milliliter.
How long have prokaryotes been around vs Eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have been around for over 3.5 billion years while Eukaryotes have been around got 1.5 billion years
What is Microbiota?
This is the natural flora, the good bacteria. They keep pathogens in place by competing for space and nutrients.
What did Van Leeuwenhook and Robert Hooke do?
Van-Dutch tailor that discovered bacteria (first descriptions) and built his own microscope.
Hooke- published his seminal work on eukaryotic microbes.
Are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Examples?
unicellular.
-Bacteria and Archaea
Are Eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Examples?
They can be unicellular and multicellular.
-fungi include yeasts( unicellular) and molds (multicellular)
Protozoa are Unicellular
Algae( Unicellular and Multicellular)
What are the three categories of Prokaryotes?
Spherical, rod, or spiral shaped
How are Archaea different from bacteria?
They have different cell walls and are not pathogenic. They’re more like Eukaryotic cells. Most Archea aren’t pathogenic to us.
What do Prokaryotes lack?
Lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
What do Eukaryotes have that Prokaryotes lack?
They have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
What are Helminths?
Parasitic Warms.
Usually multicellular- Different stages can infect humans
Tapeworms, Roundworms, Hookworms, Pinworms
Are viruses multicellular or unicellular?
Neither, they’re acellular. These are the smallest kind of microbe. They aren’t actually cells or alive. They depend on a host to replicate–intracellular parasites.
What are the two domains of prokaryotes?
Archaea and Bacteria
What are fungi?
Eukaryotic cells (have membrane-bound nucleus). They receive their food from other organisms, and have cell walls.
They include molds (multicellular) and yeasts (unicellular)
What are Protozoa?
Usually considered more animal like than algae. They’re single celled eukaryotes.
- live freely in water
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- most are capable of locomotion
What are Algae?
Unicellular and multicellular. They’re simple reproductive structures that benefit many of us.
Who created the Universal Phylogenetic tree of life?
Carl Woese
What is the Universal Phylogenetic tree of life based on and what are the domains?
Way of categorizing microbes based on a comparison of small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.
Divides microorganisms into
- Bacteria
- Archaea (shares some features with Eukaryotes)
- Eukarya
What are the percentages to determine relatedness?
To classify as the same species they should have 70% of the same DNA sequences and 98% of their RNA sequence.
What were the main questions that sparked the first Golden age of Microbiology?
- Is spontaneous generation of Microbial life real?
- What is the cause of fermentation?
- what causes disease?
- How can diseases be prevented?
What is spontaneous generation?
The theory that living organisms can come from non-living substances.
Who proposed spontaneous generation?
Aristotle
Who were vitalist?
Very vocal group that believed microbial life arose from decaying matter.
What did Fransico Redi Show?
He created the meat experiment that went against what the vitalists thoughts. Showed that maggots could not germinate on meat that was protected by flies.
