CHAPTER 1 (HISTORY, INTRO)

Question 1

study of parasites, organisms that
live on and obtain their nutrients from another
organism, a field known as

Answer 1

parasitology

Question 2

invasion in
the body

Answer 2

infection

Question 3

invasion on the body

Answer 3

infestation

Question 4

transport carriers known as

Answer 4

vectors

Question 5

Even though treatment, prevention, and control
measures are available, parasitic infections still
occur and thus it is important to study
and monitor their trends, a field known as

Answer 5

epidemiology

Question 6

Although they are distributed worldwide,
most parasitic infections are found in

Answer 6

underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries
such as Haiti, Guatemala, and Myanmar
(Burma) and countries on the African continent

Question 7

Populations at Risk for
Contracting Parasites

Answer 7

Individuals in underdeveloped areas and countries
Refugees
Immigrants
Visitors from foreign countries
Individuals who are immunocompromised
Individuals living in close quarters (e.g., prisons)
Children who attend day care centers

Question 8

Modes of Parasite Transmission

Answer 8

Ingestion of contaminated food or drink (primarily water)
Hand-to-mouth transfer
Insect bite
Entry via drilling through the skin
Unprotected sexual relations
Mouth-to-mouth contact
Droplet contamination
Eye contact with infected swimming water

Question 9

Parasite that is capable of existing independently of a host

Answer 9

Facultative parasite

Question 10

Parasite that cannot survive outside of a host

Answer 10

Obligatory parasite

Question 11

Parasite that is established inside of a host

Answer 11

Endoparasite

Question 12

Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of a host

Answer 12

Ectoparasite

Question 13

Host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite

Answer 13

Accidental or incidental host

Question 14

Host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs

Answer 14

Definitive host

Question 15

Host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs

Answer 15

Intermediate host

Question 16

Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may
become infected

Answer 16

Reservoir host

Question 17

Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another

Answer 17

Transport host

Question 18

Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect
others

Answer 18

Carrier

Question 19

Living together; the association of two living organisms, each of a different species

Answer 19

Symbiosis

Question 20

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to
the other

Answer 20

Commensalism

Question 21

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both

Answer 21

Mutualism

Question 22

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s
expense

Answer 22

Parasitism

Question 23

Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which
one benefits and has a neutral effect on the other

Answer 23

Commensal

Question 24

Parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease

Answer 24

Pathogenic

Question 25

Which of the following people may be at risk for contracting a parasitic infection?
A. A toddler who attends an all-day preschool or day care center
B. A 25-year-old man who lives on his own in an apartment complex
C. A 37-year-old South American refugee
D. More than one of these: _______________
(specify)

Answer 25

A and C

Question 26

Although parasitic life cycles range from simple to complex, they all have three common components

Answer 26

a mode of transmission,

a morphologic form that invades humans, known as
the infective stage,

and one (or more) forms that can be detected via laboratory retrieval methods, known as the diagnostic stage

Question 27

Which of the following are key discoveries that contributed to current knowledge about parasites?

A. Consistent status quo preservation of samples
B. Techniques that indicate only the presence or absence of parasites
C. Modifications of traditional parasite identification techniques
D. Decrease in parasite incidence because of global travel

Question 28

The information in this phase provides an understanding of the symptomatology and pathology of the parasite. Insights about the best the method of diagnosis and selection of appropriate antiparasitic medication may also be determined.

Answer 28

phase involves the route a parasite follows when in or on the human body

Question 29

phase that provides crucial information
pertinent to epidemiology, prevention, and control.

Answer 29

[DIAGNOSTIC STAGE] the route a parasite follows independently of the human body

Question 30

Which of the following key pieces of information may be extracted from the portion of a parasite’s life cycle that occurs outside the body? (Objective 1-11)
A. Parasitic disease symptoms and disease processes
B. Epidemiology and prevention and control measures
C. Appropriate parasite diagnosis methodologies
D. Selection of appropriate antiparasitic medication

Answer 30

B. Epidemiology and prevention and control
measures

Question 31

A parasitic disease may affect the entire body or any of its parts. The major body areas associated with such processes include the following:

Answer 31

(1) the gastrointestinal (GI) and urogenital (UG) tracts;

(2) blood and tissue;

(3) liver, lung, and other major organs; and

(4) miscellaneous locations, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), eye, skin, and extremities.

Question 32

Which of the following groups of symptoms represents
those most commonly observed in parasitic

A. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and anemia
B. Enlargement of the spleen, fever, and chills
C. Skin lesions, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
D. Abdominal cramping, abdominal pain, and
diarrhea

Question 33

Which of the following represent examples of available treatment therapies to combat parasitic infections?

A. Regulated exercise plan
B. Change in diet
C. Avoidance of vitamin supplements
D. More than one of these: ______________ (specify)

Answer 33

B. Change in diet

Question 34

Symptoms Associated with
Parasitic Disease Processes

Answer 34

Diarrhea
Fever
Chills
Abdominal pain
Abdominal cramping
Elephantiasis
Anemia
Vitamin deficiency
Bowel obstruction
Edema
Enlargement of major organs
Skin lesions
Blindness

Question 35

Parasite Treatment Options

Answer 35

Antiparasitic medications
Change in diet
Vitamin supplements
Fluid replacement
Blood transfusion
Bed rest

Question 36

The problem of eradicating parasites is an ongoing process and is a key goal of international health groups such as the

Answer 36

World Health Organization (WHO) and Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières [MSF]).

Question 37

Parasite Prevention and
Control Strategies

Answer 37

Development and implementation of parasite awareness
education programs
Use of insecticides and other chemicals
Use of protective clothing
Use of protective netting
Proper water treatment
Good personal hygiene
Proper sanitation practices
Proper handling, cooking, and protection of food
Avoidance of unprotected sexual relations

Question 38

the most commonly
submitted sample for parasitic studies

Answer 38

Stool

Question 39

Which of the following are examples of possible
parasite prevention and control measures?
(Objective 1-15)
A. Avoiding the use of insecticides
B. Practicing unprotected sex
C. Practicing proper sanitation practices
D. More than one of these: ________________
(specify)

Answer 39

C. Practicing proper sanitation practices

Question 40

A process to remove fecal debris, which often resembles parasitic forms, is performed on a portion of sample after a preservative is added to it. Microscopic analysis of the resultant processed sample follows. This traditional parasite recovery method, often referred to as an

Answer 40

O&P, in which “O” stands for ova (eggs) and “P” stands for parasites

Question 41

Other specimens, including _____ may also be examined for the presence of parasites

Answer 41

blood, tissue biopsies, CSF, sputum, urine, and genital material

Question 42

is the procedure of choice for blood samples submitted for parasite study.

Answer 42

Giemsa stain followed by microscopic examination

Question 43

a methodology for recovery of pinworm eggs

Answer 43

Cellophane tape preparation

Question 44

for recovery of several parasites

Answer 44

Enterotest (string test)

Question 45

Newer Parasite Laboratory Diagnosis Techniques

Answer 45

Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
Latex agglutination (LA)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Rapid immunochromatography technique

Question 46

Suspicious forms that visually resemble parasites in terms of size and morphology are commonly encountered and are often referred to as

Answer 46

artifacts and/or confusers

Question 47

polymorphonuclear leukocytes average 15 μm in size are artifacts or confusers of what parasite?

Answer 47

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 48

Plant cells, as another example, resemble or acts as artifacts or confusers of what parasite?

Answer 48

Ascaris lumbricoides egg

Question 49

artifacts and confusers also often referred to as

Answer 49

pseudoparasites

Question 50

Which of the following specimen type is most often submitted for parasite study?
A. Blood
B. Sputum
C. Urine
D. Stool

Answer 50

D. Stool

Question 51

Which of the following correctly represents the three major groups of clinically significant parasites?
A. Protozoa—worms; Metazoa—single-celled parasites; Arthropods—insects and their allies

B. Protozoa—insects and their allies; Metazoa—worms; Arthropods—single-celled parasites

C. Protozoa—single-celled parasites; Metazoa—worms; Arthropods—insects and their allies

D. Protozoa—single-celled parasites; Metazoa—insects and their allies; Arthropods—worms

Answer 51

D. Protozoa—single-celled parasites; Metazoa—insects and their allies; Arthropods—worms