Chapter 1 - History Flashcards
What is the definition of microbiology
The study of entities too small to be seen with the unaided human eye
What 3 questions were asked in the golden age of microbiology
What causes fermentation
What causes diseases
How can we prevent infection and disease
What microbiological event has had a greater impact upon culture and society than that of any other disease or epidemic
Fermentation: beneficial microbes
Bread, wine, beer
What was the discovery and hypothesis leading to germ theory of disease
Discovery: Bacteria were responsible for spoiling wine
Hypothesis: microbes responsible for disease
What 3 things make up the triad or triangle of health
Host
Agent
Environment
What was Semmelweis contribution to the prevention of infection and disease
Hand washing
What was Lister’s contribution to the prevention of infection and disease
Antiseptic technique
What was snow’s contribution to the prevention of infection and disease
Infection control (epidemiology)
What was Jenner’s contribution to the prevention of infection and disease
Smallpox vaccine (immunology)
What disease was prevented by handwashing in medical students
Puerperal fever
What method was accepted into common practice by Joseph Lister in surgeries
Antisepsis
What did John Snow do?
Determined the cause of cholera transmission by mapping the public water supply
Do prokaryotes have a nucleus and what shape is their DNA
No Nucleus
Circular DNA
Do Eukaryotes have DNA and what shape is their DNA
Yes Nucleus
Linear DNA
To which family do bacteria and archaea belong? (Prokaryote/eukaryote)
Prokaryote
To which family do Protozoa, fungi, animals, plants and algae belong (prokaryotes/eukaryotes)
Eukaryotes
What feature of bacteria stores nutrients
Inclusions
What features of bacteria is a defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions
Endospores
What genus (2) produce endospores
Bacillus and clostridium
What are prokaryotic ribosomes
70S, 30S, 50S
What are Eukaryotic Ribosomes
What is unique about their mitochondria
80S, 40S, 60S
Mitochondria: 70S
What is microbe that is the most important microbiological event that has had greater impact upon culture and society than that of any disease or epidemic
Saccharomyces cerevisiae “sugar fungus that makes beer”
Which part of the triad or triangle of health does allopathic medicine focus on
The agent
Which part of the triangle or triad of health does chiropractic focus on
The host
Which part of the triangle or triad of health does public health focus on
Environment
What is necessary for infectious disease transmission to occur (2)
Susceptible host
Pathogenic agent
Conductive environment
