Chapter 1 - Historical Context Flashcards
Psychopathology
The scientific study of psychological disorders
Scientist-practitioner
- Consumer of science
- Evaluator of practice
- Creator of science
Etiology
Study of origins of a disorder
Supernatural Tradition
- Prevalent in 14th century
- Conflicting opinions on mental health
Demons & Witches
- 14th & 15th centuries
- madness caused by witches and sorcery
- unexplainable behaviour attributed to evil
Stress & Melancholy
- 14th & 15th centuries
- insanity a natural phenomenon
- caused by stress
- treated with rest and general care
Possession
- considered divine punishment
- treated with cold baths, hanging over snake pits
Hippocrates and Galen (theory on mental health)
-Illness caused by bodily humours
Emil Kraepelin
- 1856-1926
- early founder of modern psychiatry
Moral Therapy
- Philippe Pinel
- humane treatment of patients
Benjamin Rush
- moral therapy
- Father of North American Psychiatry
Mental Hygiene Movement
- Dorothea Dix
- reformation of asylums
- more humane
Psychoanalytic theory
- Freud
- Id, ego, super ego
- the unconscious
- defence mechanisms
- dream analysis
- transference
Humanistic Theory
- self actualization
- carl rogers
- unconditional positive regard
- Maslow
- hierarchy of needs
Behavioural Model
- classical conditioning
- Pavlov
- Watson
- B.F Skinner
The Integrative Approach
Using more than one psychological theory
Psychological dysfunction
A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning
Scientist-practitioner
A clinician who takes a scientific approach to their clinical work
Criteria of abnormal behaviour
- Psychological dysfunction
- Personal distress/impairment
- Atypical/Not culturally expected
Presenting problem
Why they came to the clinic
Prevalence of a disorder
How many people have it
Lifetime prevalence is how many people have EVER had it
Incidence of disorder
How many people are diagnosed with a disorder at a specific point in time
Prognosis
Anticipated course of disorder
