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Science, Technology and Society > Chapter 1 Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology Flashcards

1
Q

In Ancient Times, people were concerned with:

A

– Transportation and navigation
– Communication and record-keeping
– Mass production
– Security and protection
– Health, aesthetics, and architecture
- Conservation of life

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2
Q

Technological advancements of the early civilization brought by:

A
  • Sumerians
  • Babylonians
  • Egyptians
  • Greeks
  • Romans
  • Chinese
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3
Q

is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of
southern Mesopotamia, modernday southern Iraq.

A

Sumer

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4
Q

Sumer is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of _____________________, modernday __________________.

A

southern Mesopotamia; southern Iraq

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5
Q

Known for high degree of cooperation with one another

A

Sumerian Civilization

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6
Q

Sumerian Civilization developed:

A

Cuneiform, Uruk City, The Great Ziggurat of Ur, Irrigation and Dikes, Sailboats, Wheel, The Plow, Roads

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7
Q

first writing system develop by Sumerians

A

Cuneiform

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8
Q

Utilize word, pictures, and triangular symbols

A

Cuneiform

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9
Q

Carved on clay using wedge instruments

A

Cuneiform

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10
Q

first true City in the World

A

Uruk City

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11
Q

Utilize mud and clay from the river mixed with reeds, prouing sun-baked bricks

A

Uruk City

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12
Q

Built houses protected them from harsh weather and walls
prevented wild animals and raiders from entering

A

Uruk City

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13
Q

Archaeologists have discovered that Uruk City had between
_______________________ inhabitants.

A

50,000 and 100,000

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14
Q

At the end of the 4th Millennium BC, Uruk City had ____ hectares, and reaching _______ hectares at the end of the 3rd Millennium, when the city was surrounded by defensive walls ___________ long, with ___ towers, each __ metres high.

A

230; 500; 10 km; 900; 9

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15
Q

In Uruk City, the political and religious centre of the city was the architectural complex named _______

A

Eanna

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16
Q

Ziggurat is also known as

A

mountain of God

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17
Q

Serve as a sacred place for the chief god, where only priest are allowed to enter

A

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

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18
Q

Showcases Sumerian architecture

A

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

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19
Q

the ziqqurat became a single monument, characterized by:

A
  • the rectangular plan
  • three main steps to the top
  • three staircases, one frontal and two lateral and orthogonal to the first
  • oblique sides to sustain the heavy weight of tons of mud bricks
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20
Q

With the demand for food, water supply or flooding caused
by the river

A

Irrigation and Dikes

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21
Q

improved farming and harvesting

A

Irrigiation and dikes/canals

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22
Q

were used to carry large quantities of products over long
distances

A

Sailboats/Boats

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23
Q

Essential for transportation, trading, fostering culture,
information and technology

A

Sailboats

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24
Q

were made for farm work and food processes

A

Wheel

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25
improved mass production
Wheel and axle
26
- Farm technology - Used to dig earth in a faster pace - Minimized seed loss
Plow
27
Bricks were laid on the ground to facilitate faster and easier travel
Roads
28
a black sticky substance similar to asphalt
Bitumen
29
Improved transportation during rainy season
Roads
30
Emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Babylonian Civilization
31
two great rivers of Babylon
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
32
Great builders and engineers, and architects
Babylonian Civilization
33
Known for Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Babylonian Civilization
34
Made of layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
35
_______________________ built the garden for his wife, ______________________
King Nebuchadnezzar II; Queen Amytis
36
The largest and most important Mesopotamian civilizations were:
1. Babylonia 2. Assyria
37
area of many territories and peoples that is controlled by one government
Empire
38
capital city of Babylonia
Babylon
39
- groups of travelers - They stopped in Babylon on their way between Assyria and Sumer
Caravans
40
markets where trade occurred
Bazaars
41
Two things that Babylonia and Assyria had in common were:
1. They were both vicious warrior empires. 2. Once they conquered an area, they used the riches they gained to build grand cities where learning was valued.
42
Under the rule of the __________________, the New Babylonian Empire (NBE) became a center for learning and science.
Chaldeans
43
__________________________ charted the paths of stars and measured the length of a year
Chaldean astronomers
44
In _________, the NBE was conquered by the _____________ but the capital city of Babylon was spared.
539 BC; Persians
45
Assyria’s Contributions
1. Battering Ram 2. Battering ram, sling shots, and archers 3. Nineveh library
46
powerful weapon having a wooden beam mounted on wheels
Battering Ram
47
were used by the Assyrians to conquer their enemies
Battering ram, sling shots, and archers
48
Capital of Assyria, ____________, was a city of great learning.
Nineveh
49
_______________ contained thousands of clay tablets from Babylon and Sumer
Nineveh library
50
Egyptian Civilization is located at
North Africa
51
Known for engineering feats of the pharoahs
Egyptian Civilization
52
Egyptian Civilization contributions include:
papyrus, ink, heiroglyphics, cosmetics, wig, water clock, etc.
53
are used prior to papyrus
clay tablets
54
is a plant grew abundantly along Nile River
Papyrus
55
Lighter and thinner than clay
Papyrus
56
Combination of soot with different chemicals
Ink
57
Egyptians believed that their writing system was provided by their gods
Heiroglyphics
58
Can still be seen at the walls of pyramids
Heiroglyphics
59
was for health and aesthetic reasons
Cosmetics
60
around the eyes to prevent and cure eye diseases
Kohl
61
is a mixture of soot/malachite with mineral galena (lead(II) sulfide)
Kohl
62
Kohl is a mixture of
soot/malachite with mineral galena (lead(II) sulfide)
63
Protection from evil
Kohl
64
______________ was a sign of holiness
Beauty
65
are worn for health and wellness
Wig
66
Protects the head of the wealthy from sun rays
Wig
67
Prevents head lice
Wig
68
Utilizes gravity affecting the flow of water from one vessel to the other
Water Clock/Clepsyra
69
Use as timekeeping device
Water Clock/Clepsyra
70
Archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe
Greek Civilization
71
Greek Civilization is an archipelago in the ________________________
southeastern part of Europe
72
Works on philosophy and mathematics
Greek Civilization
73
Known for coliseums and the Olympics
Greek Civilization
74
To tell an individual when to stop/start
Alarm Clock
75
Alarm Clock is made of
water, stone, or sand
76
who uses alarm clock to signal his lecture
Plato
77
(alarm clock) At the third vessel, expulsion of contained air creates a
whistling noise
78
Used in agricultural processses like milling of grains such as rice, cereal, and flours
Water Mill
79
Strongest political and social entity in the west
Roman Civilization
80
Known for their legislations and codified laws
Roman Civilization
81
Contains announcement of the Roman empire to the people
Newspaper
82
Engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed
Newspaper
83
Made known after invention of paper
Bound Books or Codex
84
Easier for record-keeping
Bound Books or Codex
85
_____________________ started the tradition of stacking up papyrus
Julius Caesar
86
Covers of Bound Books or Codex were made of
animal skin
87
Known for large churches, aqueducts, coliseums, amphitheatres, and houses
Roman Architecture
88
Essential for increasing rate of communication and trade
Roman Numerals
89
Oldest civilization in Asia
Chinese Civilization
90
silk is produced by
silkworm
91
are used for paper and clothing
Silk
92
Bridged the gap of western world and middle kingdom
Silk
93
Started with invention of a machine that shreds tea leaves into stripes
Tea Production
94
Largest and extensive infrastructure
Great Wall of China
95
Controls border of China
Great Wall of China
96
Great Wall of China is made of
stone, brick, and wood
97
Developed by Chinese alchemist who aimed to achieved immortality
Gunpowder
98
Gunpowder is a mixture of
charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate (black powder)
99
Invasions and migrations
Medieval/Middle Ages
100
Wars were prevalent
Medieval/Middle Ages
101
Technology is needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm production, and health
Medieval/Middle Ages
102
After wars, trade and commerce increased
Medieval/Middle Ages
103
Transportation technology becomes in demand
Medieval/Middle Ages
104
invented the printing press
Johann Gutenberg
105
A wooden machine extracts fruit juice, attached to a metal impression of the letters, and press firmly cast metal into paper
Printing Press
106
Improved information dissemination at a faster rate
Printing Press
107
developed the first compound microscope
Zacharias Janssen
108
People were able to observe organisms unseen by the naked eye
Microscope
109
Lead to associate microorganisms to diseases
Microscope
110
Help navigators to see far and wide at sea
Telescope
111
made sea travelling easier and safer
telescope, compass, oars and rudders
112
War Weapons
- Cross bows and long bows - Iron body armors
113
- Population increased - People needs efficient means for transportation for trade and longer distance
Modern Times
114
Faster communication means
Modern Times
115
Challenges in food processing and medicine
Modern Times
116
heats dairy products to kill harmful bacteria that makes milk spoils faster
Pasteurization
117
proponent of Pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
118
invented kerosene by refining petroleum
Samuel Kier
119
First serve as home lighting, then was used for heating
Petroleum
120
Telephone was invented by
Alexander Graham Bell
121
People get connected by trade and exploration
Alexander Graham Bell
122
Paved the way for more complex processing machines like computer
Calculator
123
who invented Salamander Amphiobous Tricycle
- Chief Designer, Victor Llave - Together with Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto Armada
124
who invented SALT Lamp
Aisa Mijeno
125
SALT Lamp meaning
Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp
126
SALT Lamp can be made with
Two table spoon of salt and a glass of tap water
127
- High mortality rate in Ph newborn babies - Uses heated bottles with water
Medical Incubator
128
Medical Incubator was invented by
Dr. Fe del Mundo
129
- For endemic Dengue - Solution for insecticidal resistance
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System
130
- Solution for pollution - Utilizes electricity
EJeepney

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