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Science, Technology and Society > Chapter 1 Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology Flashcards

1
Q

In Ancient Times, people were concerned with:

A

– Transportation and navigation
– Communication and record-keeping
– Mass production
– Security and protection
– Health, aesthetics, and architecture
- Conservation of life

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2
Q

Technological advancements of the early civilization brought by:

A
  • Sumerians
  • Babylonians
  • Egyptians
  • Greeks
  • Romans
  • Chinese
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3
Q

is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of
southern Mesopotamia, modernday southern Iraq.

A

Sumer

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4
Q

Sumer is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of _____________________, modernday __________________.

A

southern Mesopotamia; southern Iraq

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5
Q

Known for high degree of cooperation with one another

A

Sumerian Civilization

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6
Q

Sumerian Civilization developed:

A

Cuneiform, Uruk City, The Great Ziggurat of Ur, Irrigation and Dikes, Sailboats, Wheel, The Plow, Roads

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7
Q

first writing system develop by Sumerians

A

Cuneiform

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8
Q

Utilize word, pictures, and triangular symbols

A

Cuneiform

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9
Q

Carved on clay using wedge instruments

A

Cuneiform

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10
Q

first true City in the World

A

Uruk City

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11
Q

Utilize mud and clay from the river mixed with reeds, prouing sun-baked bricks

A

Uruk City

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12
Q

Built houses protected them from harsh weather and walls
prevented wild animals and raiders from entering

A

Uruk City

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13
Q

Archaeologists have discovered that Uruk City had between
_______________________ inhabitants.

A

50,000 and 100,000

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14
Q

At the end of the 4th Millennium BC, Uruk City had ____ hectares, and reaching _______ hectares at the end of the 3rd Millennium, when the city was surrounded by defensive walls ___________ long, with ___ towers, each __ metres high.

A

230; 500; 10 km; 900; 9

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15
Q

In Uruk City, the political and religious centre of the city was the architectural complex named _______

A

Eanna

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16
Q

Ziggurat is also known as

A

mountain of God

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17
Q

Serve as a sacred place for the chief god, where only priest are allowed to enter

A

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

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18
Q

Showcases Sumerian architecture

A

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

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19
Q

the ziqqurat became a single monument, characterized by:

A
  • the rectangular plan
  • three main steps to the top
  • three staircases, one frontal and two lateral and orthogonal to the first
  • oblique sides to sustain the heavy weight of tons of mud bricks
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20
Q

With the demand for food, water supply or flooding caused
by the river

A

Irrigation and Dikes

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21
Q

improved farming and harvesting

A

Irrigiation and dikes/canals

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22
Q

were used to carry large quantities of products over long
distances

A

Sailboats/Boats

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23
Q

Essential for transportation, trading, fostering culture,
information and technology

A

Sailboats

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24
Q

were made for farm work and food processes

A

Wheel

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25
Q

improved mass production

A

Wheel and axle

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26
Q
  • Farm technology
  • Used to dig earth in a faster pace
  • Minimized seed loss
A

Plow

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27
Q

Bricks were laid on the ground to facilitate faster and easier
travel

A

Roads

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28
Q

a black sticky substance similar to asphalt

A

Bitumen

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29
Q

Improved transportation during rainy season

A

Roads

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30
Q

Emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

A

Babylonian Civilization

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31
Q

two great rivers of Babylon

A

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

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32
Q

Great builders and engineers, and architects

A

Babylonian Civilization

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33
Q

Known for Hanging Gardens of Babylon

A

Babylonian Civilization

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34
Q

Made of layers of gardens that contained several species of
plants, trees, and vines

A

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

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35
Q

_______________________ built the garden for his wife, ______________________

A

King Nebuchadnezzar II; Queen Amytis

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36
Q

The largest and most important Mesopotamian civilizations were:

A
  1. Babylonia
  2. Assyria
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37
Q

area of many territories and peoples that is controlled by one government

A

Empire

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38
Q

capital city of Babylonia

A

Babylon

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39
Q
  • groups of travelers
  • They stopped in Babylon on their way between Assyria and Sumer
A

Caravans

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40
Q

markets where trade occurred

A

Bazaars

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41
Q

Two things that Babylonia and Assyria had in common were:

A
  1. They were both vicious warrior empires.
  2. Once they conquered an area, they used the riches they gained to build grand cities where learning was valued.
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42
Q

Under the rule of the __________________, the New Babylonian Empire (NBE) became a center for learning and science.

A

Chaldeans

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43
Q

__________________________ charted the paths of stars and measured the length of a year

A

Chaldean astronomers

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44
Q

In _________, the NBE was conquered by the _____________ but the capital city of Babylon was spared.

A

539 BC; Persians

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45
Q

Assyria’s Contributions

A
  1. Battering Ram
  2. Battering ram, sling shots, and archers
  3. Nineveh library
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46
Q

powerful weapon having a wooden beam mounted on wheels

A

Battering Ram

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47
Q

were used by the Assyrians to conquer their enemies

A

Battering ram, sling shots, and archers

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48
Q

Capital of Assyria, ____________, was a city of great learning.

A

Nineveh

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49
Q

_______________ contained thousands of clay tablets from Babylon and Sumer

A

Nineveh library

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50
Q

Egyptian Civilization is located at

A

North Africa

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51
Q

Known for engineering feats of the pharoahs

A

Egyptian Civilization

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52
Q

Egyptian Civilization contributions include:

A

papyrus, ink, heiroglyphics, cosmetics, wig, water clock, etc.

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53
Q

are used prior to papyrus

A

clay tablets

54
Q

is a plant grew abundantly along Nile River

55
Q

Lighter and thinner than clay

56
Q

Combination of soot with different chemicals

57
Q

Egyptians believed that their writing system was provided by their gods

A

Heiroglyphics

58
Q

Can still be seen at the walls of pyramids

A

Heiroglyphics

59
Q

was for health and aesthetic reasons

60
Q

around the eyes to prevent and cure eye diseases

61
Q

is a mixture of soot/malachite with mineral galena (lead(II) sulfide)

62
Q

Kohl is a mixture of

A

soot/malachite with mineral galena (lead(II) sulfide)

63
Q

Protection from evil

64
Q

______________ was a sign of holiness

65
Q

are worn for health and wellness

66
Q

Protects the head of the wealthy from sun rays

67
Q

Prevents head lice

68
Q

Utilizes gravity affecting the flow of water from one vessel to
the other

A

Water Clock/Clepsyra

69
Q

Use as timekeeping device

A

Water Clock/Clepsyra

70
Q

Archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe

A

Greek Civilization

71
Q

Greek Civilization is an archipelago in the ________________________

A

southeastern part of Europe

72
Q

Works on philosophy and mathematics

A

Greek Civilization

73
Q

Known for coliseums and the Olympics

A

Greek Civilization

74
Q

To tell an individual when to stop/start

A

Alarm Clock

75
Q

Alarm Clock is made of

A

water, stone, or sand

76
Q

who uses alarm clock to signal his lecture

77
Q

(alarm clock) At the third vessel, expulsion of contained air creates a

A

whistling noise

78
Q

Used in agricultural processses like milling of grains such as rice, cereal, and flours

A

Water Mill

79
Q

Strongest political and social entity in the west

A

Roman Civilization

80
Q

Known for their legislations and codified laws

A

Roman Civilization

81
Q

Contains announcement of the Roman empire to the people

82
Q

Engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly
displayed

83
Q

Made known after invention of paper

A

Bound Books or Codex

84
Q

Easier for record-keeping

A

Bound Books or Codex

85
Q

_____________________ started the tradition of stacking up
papyrus

A

Julius Caesar

86
Q

Covers of Bound Books or Codex were made of

A

animal skin

87
Q

Known for large churches, aqueducts, coliseums,
amphitheatres, and houses

A

Roman Architecture

88
Q

Essential for increasing rate of communication and trade

A

Roman Numerals

89
Q

Oldest civilization in Asia

A

Chinese Civilization

90
Q

silk is produced by

91
Q

are used for paper and clothing

92
Q

Bridged the gap of western world and middle kingdom

93
Q

Started with invention of a machine that shreds tea leaves into stripes

A

Tea Production

94
Q

Largest and extensive infrastructure

A

Great Wall of China

95
Q

Controls border of China

A

Great Wall of China

96
Q

Great Wall of China is made of

A

stone, brick, and wood

97
Q

Developed by Chinese alchemist who aimed to achieved
immortality

98
Q

Gunpowder is a mixture of

A

charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate (black powder)

99
Q

Invasions and migrations

A

Medieval/Middle Ages

100
Q

Wars were prevalent

A

Medieval/Middle Ages

101
Q

Technology is needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation,
mass food and farm production, and health

A

Medieval/Middle Ages

102
Q

After wars, trade and commerce increased

A

Medieval/Middle Ages

103
Q

Transportation technology becomes in demand

A

Medieval/Middle Ages

104
Q

invented the printing press

A

Johann Gutenberg

105
Q

A wooden machine extracts fruit juice, attached to a metal
impression of the letters, and press firmly cast metal into
paper

A

Printing Press

106
Q

Improved information dissemination at a faster rate

A

Printing Press

107
Q

developed the first compound microscope

A

Zacharias Janssen

108
Q

People were able to observe organisms unseen by the naked eye

A

Microscope

109
Q

Lead to associate microorganisms to diseases

A

Microscope

110
Q

Help navigators to see far and wide at sea

111
Q

made sea travelling easier and safer

A

telescope, compass, oars and rudders

112
Q

War Weapons

A
  • Cross bows and long bows
  • Iron body armors
113
Q
  • Population increased
  • People needs efficient means for transportation for trade and longer distance
A

Modern Times

114
Q

Faster communication means

A

Modern Times

115
Q

Challenges in food processing and medicine

A

Modern Times

116
Q

heats dairy products to kill harmful bacteria that
makes milk spoils faster

A

Pasteurization

117
Q

proponent of Pasteurization

A

Louis Pasteur

118
Q

invented kerosene by refining petroleum

A

Samuel Kier

119
Q

First serve as home lighting, then was used for heating

120
Q

Telephone was invented by

A

Alexander Graham Bell

121
Q

People get connected by trade and exploration

A

Alexander Graham Bell

122
Q

Paved the way for more complex processing machines
like computer

A

Calculator

123
Q

who invented Salamander Amphiobous Tricycle

A
  • Chief Designer, Victor Llave
  • Together with Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto Armada
124
Q

who invented SALT Lamp

A

Aisa Mijeno

125
Q

SALT Lamp meaning

A

Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp

126
Q

SALT Lamp can be made with

A

Two table spoon of salt and a glass of tap water

127
Q
  • High mortality rate in Ph newborn babies
  • Uses heated bottles with water
A

Medical Incubator

128
Q

Medical Incubator was invented by

A

Dr. Fe del Mundo

129
Q
  • For endemic Dengue
  • Solution for insecticidal resistance
A

Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System

130
Q
  • Solution for pollution
  • Utilizes electricity

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