Chapter 1 Grammar Flashcards
1
Q
Uses of the nominative case
A
- used for the subject of a sentence
- used for the predicate nominative
2
Q
Uses of the dative case
A
- used to express the person or things interested in or affected by the action of a verb
- usually corresponds to a translation using the English prepositions “(with reference) to” or “for;” those notions are included in the dative itself in Latin
- includes the subsets “dative of reference” and “dative of indirect object”
- appears most often with verbs of giving, showing, and telling
3
Q
Uses of the genitive case
A
- used to qualify or limit another noun, including through the specific usage as a “genitive of possession”
- usually corresponds to a translation using the English preposition “of”
- does not require a preposition in Latin because it contains the idea of “of” within it
- the genitive singular is used to identify the declension of a noun, and it is also the form from which the stem of a noun is derived
4
Q
Use of the accusative case
A
- used for the direct object (“accusative, direct object”)
- used following certain prepositions that express motion toward, into, around, and through
5
Q
Uses of the ablative case
A
- used to express separation; in this usage, corresponds to a translation using “from”
- used to express association or instrument; in this usage, corresponds to a translation using “with” or “by” (includes the “ablative of accompaniment” and the “ablative of means/instrument”)
- used to express location; in this usage, corresponds to a translation using “in,” “on,” or “at”
6
Q
Use of vocative case
A
-used for direct address
7
Q
The five declensions (classified by genitive singular endings)
A
1st declension: -ae 2nd declension: -ī 3rd declension: -is 4th declension: ūs 5th declension: eī/ēī