Chapter 1 Final Notes Flashcards

1
Q

When did the earth form?

A

13.7 billion years ago (big bang)

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2
Q

What are sources of heat in earth

A

Heat energy that’s left over from the formation of earth in the center of the earth. (decay of radioactive minerals)

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3
Q

When did the Earth form

A

4.57 ga

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4
Q

What are the Earth’s layers? What are they made of? What are their properties? How do we know what the different layers are (use of seismic waves-e.g. which waves tell us about solid, liquid and gas)

A

Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, inner core
Crust- cooled mantle which consists of a variety of rocks that differ in composition (oceanic crust or continental crust) Crust is made of silicates and granite, a low density rock. It is very cold and brittle. Elements are O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, C, Na, K, Mg. Oceanic crust is thinner and more dense than continental crust
Mantle: consists entirely of an ultramafic (dark and dense) rock called peridotite (solid) Mantle is made of peridiotite (very Fe and Mg rich, little Si). Mantle is 99% solid, 1% liquid, so it has partial melt
Core: outer core consist of liquid iron alloy. The inner core consists of a solid iron alloy

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5
Q

Understand the rock cycle

A

o Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
o Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. Magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals. Igneous rock can form underground, where the magma cools slowly. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly.

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