Chapter 1 Exam 1 Flashcards
1) Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false?
A) All organisms have the ability to take in energy and use it.
B) All organisms have the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment.
C) All organisms have the ability to reproduce.
D) All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature.
D
2) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, organelle, tissue
B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, organelle, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community
C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule
D) molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
D
3) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?
A) The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level.
B) Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells.
C) A tissue cannot exist unless it is a component of an organ system, whereas an organ system can exist independently of tissues.
D) An organ system includes tissues.
D
4) The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp’s nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent
A) a species.
B) a community.
C) a population.
D) an ecosystem.
B
5) If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels of organization are represented in this ground-up muscle?
A) organism, population, and community
B) organ, organ system, and organism
C) organelle, cell, and tissue
D) tissue, organ, and organ system
C
6) Which of the following statements regarding a common cellular activity is false?
A) Cells respond to the environment.
B) Cells develop and maintain complex organization.
C) Cells regulate their internal environment.
D) New cells are derived from cellular components like organelles.
D
Note: new cells can only come from an existing cell
7) Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that
A) has a nucleus.
B) has a membrane.
C) makes up most of the tissues of your body.
D) is much larger than most cells in your body.
B
Note: prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, they do have a cell membrane
8) Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?
A) Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem.
B) Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are producers in ecosystems.
C) Chemical nutrients cycle within an ecosystem.
D) In the process of energy conversions within an ecosystem, some energy is converted to heat.
A
Note: bacteria are fungi are decomposers, they recycle nutrients and materials, not energy in the ecosystem
9) The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is
A) wind.
B) sunlight.
C) electricity.
D) radioactivity.
B
10) In an ecosystem, energy
A) cycles along with chemical nutrients.
B) typically flows from consumers to producers to decomposers.
C) typically flows from producers through a series of consumers.
D) comes ultimately from bacteria.
C
11) Which of the following statements about genetics is true?
A) Genes are proteins that produce DNA.
B) DNA is made up of six different kinds of nucleotides.
C) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA.
D) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides.
C
12) Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains
A) Bacteria and Archaea.
B) Plantae and Animalia.
C) Eukarya and Archaea.
D) Fungi and Bacteria.
A
13) Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true?
A) Archaea belong to this domain.
B) All bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus.
C) All bacteria are multicellular organisms.
D) All bacteria lack a nucleus.
D
Note: most bacteria are unicellular, but there are definitely some multicellular bacteria ! e.g. Myxobacteria, Streptomyces (fungus looking bacteria)
14) Members of the kingdom Animalia
A) can obtain their food either by absorption or by photosynthesis.
B) are composed of cells that lack a cell membrane.
C) can obtain their food by eating other organisms.
D) make their own food through photosynthesis.
C
15) Kingdom Fungi includes species
A) such as mushrooms and plants.
B) that obtain food by ingestion.
C) that use photosynthesis to obtain food.
D) that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients.
D
Note: yeast is a fungus, not a plant! Fungus also doesn’t photosynthesize. fungal cell walls are made up of chitin; plant cell walls are made up of cellulose. fungi are definitely NOT plants !
16) Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?
A) Viruses
B) Fungi
C) Archaea
D) Bacteria
B
17) All organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae
A) have cellulose cell wall
B) obtain food by decomposing the remains of dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients.
C) are unicellular and lack a nucleus.
D) are multicellular and lack a nucleus
E) carry out photosynthesis.
A
Note: Please don’t assume all plants will carry out photosynthesis. There are parasitic plants that do NOT photosynthesize. Many algae can also photosynthesize, but they are NOT plants, they are Protists.
23) A hypothesis is
A) the same as a theory.
B) a proposed explanation for a set of observations.
C) an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
D) a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon.
B
25) A theory is
A) an idea that has been proven.
B) a concept in the early stages that still needs to be tested.
C) a description of a belief that invokes the supernatural.
D) an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
D
26) To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
A) part of a theory.
B) controlled.
C) reasonable.
D) testable and falsifiable.
D
Note: untestable hypothesis such as supernatural explanations of matters (e.g. ghosts, spirits, etc) are NOT scientifically valid !
27) The role of a control in an experiment is to
A) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.
B) prove that a hypothesis is correct.
C) ensure repeatability.
D) counteract the negative effect of the experiment.
A
28) A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that
A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
C) two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable.
D) one experiment is performed, but the scientist controls the variables.
C
Note: It is best to design an experiment to have only 1 tested variable. It is possible to test for multiple variables at the same time but you must have a control for each variable tested to be scientifically valid.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) set up a study to determine whether large doses of vitamin C would shorten the length of time it takes to recover from a cold. Three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. For two weeks, members of Group A took 3,000 mg of vitamin C daily. Group B received 3,000 mg of a placebo. At the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. The volunteers in both Group A and B continued to take their daily pills. All the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted.
31) Which was the experimental group?
A) Group A only
B) Group B only
C) all 3,000 volunteers
D) the researchers that inserted the cold virus
32) To have confidence that the results of the experiment were valid, you’d also want to know
A) whether any volunteers had colds at the start of the experiment.
B) whether the volunteers exercised daily.
C) whether the volunteers all worked for the same company.
D) what the volunteers ate during the experiment.
31) A
Note: In many studies, the “control” group is given a placebo to account for the psychological effects of the patients. Many people may “feel” better when they think they are getting some treatments, even when they are not. Therefore, in a standard clinical, neither the patients nor the doctor know whether they are being given the actual treatment or just a placebo. This is called a “double-blind” study. All participants are told that they will have a 50% chance of getting the real treatment or the placebo.
32) A
33). Which of the following is most closely related ?
A. yeast and bacteria
B. bacteria and archaea
C. plants and yeast
D. plants and bacteria
E. archaea and yeast
C
Note the choices of this question WILL change in the actual exam. You need to recognize that organisms within the same domain are more closely related to each other than organisms from different Domains. Yeast is a fungus and is within the Eukarya domain, and so are plants.
34). What is the highest level of classification?
Domain
(Definitely NOT kingdom. Remember kingdoms are branches inside a domain)
