Chapter 1-Evolution Of Nursing Flashcards
Accreditation
Process whereby a professional association or nongovernmental agency grants recognition to an institution or agency for demonstrated ability in a special area of practice.
For 20 years both NLN &NAPNES provided accreditation services, however recently NAPNES has stopped this service.
Approved program
Program that meets the minimum standards established by the state agency responsible for overseeing educational programs.
Articulation
Allows nursing programs to plan their curricula collaboratively, meant to reduce duplication of learning experiences and support process of progressive buildup.
One program is the foundation for another program.
Certification
Process in which an individual or institution, agency, or educational program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards.
Health
A condition of physical, mental, and social wellbeing and the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions.
Health Care System
The complex network of agencies, facilities, and all providers of healthcare in a specific geographic area.
Holistic
Pertaining to the total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of the person.
Holistic Health Care
A system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of the person. The response to the illness and the effect of the illness on the person’s ability to meet self-care needs.
Illness
An abnormal process in which aspects of the social, emotional, or intellectual condition and function of a person are diminished or impaired.
Licensure
The granting of permission by a competent authority (usually a government agency) to an organization or individual to engage in a practice or activity that would otherwise be illegal.
In 1903 NC, NJ, NY & VA became the first states to require a license.
Patient
A recipient of health care services, usually thought of as a recipient who is ill or hospitalized.
Pesthouses
An overcrowded, dirty hospital.
Care was limited in scope, poor hygiene, providers were not trained resulting in high infection & mortality rates.
Portfolio
An organized account of an individuals education and professional accomplishments.
Wellness
A dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning, achieving an optimum balance between internal and external environments.
Factors that influence wellness include age, gender, family relationships, and economic status.
First school of nursing.
Who, where & when?
Theodore Fliedner
A German pastor in Kaiserwerth, Germany
In the mid 1800s
Established by the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses
Florence Nightingale
1820-1910
Joined Kaiserwerth program in 1851 at 31 years old. She became the superintendent of a charity hospital for ill governesses.
During the Crimean War, she & 38 other nurses went to Turkey to care for the wounded soldiers.
She changed the way soldiers were cared for in the Barrack Hospital. Units were cleaned and clothes were washed regularly.
She became known as the lady with the lamp because she carried a lamp during her night rounds.
She’s the first nursing theorist.
Nightingale (cont)
In 1860 she started the transformation for the nursing profession. Training lasted a year and records were kept on each student.
It became the model for for nursing in the 20th century.
Pastor Theodore Fliedner
From Germany. He established Nightengale’s alma mater. He came to the US with 4 trained deaconesses.
He helped establish the 1st Protestant hospital in the US. Called the Pittsburg Infirmary and is now called the Passavant Hospital.
The deaconesses began the first formal education of nurses.
American Medical Association
In 1869 recommended that every large hospital establish & support its own nursing school. Schools of nursing became established at the turn of the century & were modeled after the Nightingale plan.
Bellevue Hospital of Nursing
In New York in May of 1873 became established as the foremost proponent of the Nightingale Plan in the US.
Connecticut Training School
October 1873 opened in New Haven CT
Boston Training School
In November 1873, it began operating out of Massachusetts General Hospital.
Isabel Hampton Robb
They organized the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools of Nursing in 1893.
They set educational standards for nurses.
American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools
In 1911 it became the National League for Nursing Education (NLNE, n.d.)
The organization developed & released their first curriculum plan.
Army & Navy Nurse Corps
Formed in 1917 during WWI
Army School of Nursing
Formed during WWI to help provide training to care for soldiers.
Cadet Nurse Corps
Formed during WWII to provide a shortened training program to meet the war efforts. Federally subsidized programs were also developed to offer men (for first time) and women an education.
