Chapter 1: Evolution And The Foundations Of Biology

Question 1

Biosphere

Answer 1

The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

All the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components I the environment with which life interacts such as souk, water, atmospheric gases, and light

Question 3

Communities

Answer 3

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

Question 4

Populations

Answer 4

All the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area

Question 5

Organisms

Answer 5

Individual living things

Question 6

Prokaryotic

Answer 6

A single-called organism, including the bacteria and Cyanobacteria, that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles

Question 7

Eukaryotes

Answer 7

An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. –> all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria

Question 8

Emergent Properties

Answer 8

properties that emerge at each level that were not present in the preceding level

Question 9

Systems biology

Answer 9

The exploration of network interactions that underlie the emergent properties of a system

Question 10

Organs

Answer 10

A body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body

Question 11

Tissue

Answer 11

Group of cells that work together, each performing a specialized function

Question 12

Cells

Answer 12

The smallest structural and functional unit of on organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane

Question 13

Organelles

Answer 13

The various functionalcomponents present in cells -> ex. chloroplasts

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

Question 15

Chromosomes

Answer 15

Within cells- contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 16

Genes

Answer 16

The units of inheritance - the encode the necessary information to build all of the molecules synthesised in a cell.

Question 17

What is a DNA molecule made of

Answer 17

Two long chains- strands, which are arranged in a double helix.

Question 18

Consumer

Answer 18

an organism that obtains its energy by feeding on oher organisms or their remains –> we are consumers

Question 19

Climate Change

Answer 19

A directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more

Question 20

Evolution

Answer 20

The concept that the organisms living on Earth today are the modified descendants of common ancestors.

Question 21

Unity

Answer 21

Result of descent with modification, two species share certain traits

Question 22

Three kingdoms of life

Answer 22

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 23

Three kingdoms or eukaryotes

Answer 23

Plantae, fungi, Animalia

Question 24

Independent Variable

Answer 24

factor manipulated by the researchers

Question 25

Dependent Variable

Answer 25

the factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable

Question 26

Cohesion

Answer 26

When water molecules stick to each other through hydrogen bonds

Question 27

Adhesion

Answer 27

When water molecules are attracted to other surfaces

Question 28

Surface Tension

Answer 28

• The strong cohesion between water molecules leads to surface tension
• The reason a boat floats is because the surface area is so big compared to the weight of the boat

Question 29

Temperature

Answer 29

The average kinetic energy of all the molecules in a specific area

Question 30

Why does ice float?

Answer 30

• When water is in solid form, the molecules slow down and they attempt to make all four hydrogen bonds with all of its neighbours, all at once. For this to happen, the water molecules have to spread out and line up properly. So frozen water is less dense because there is more space between the molecules, this is why ice floats.