Chapter 1 - Evolution

Question 0

What are Hardy-Weinberg 5 assumptions?

Answer 0

1. No mutation
2. No immagration
3. Random mating
4. Large Population
5. No selection taking place

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

Change is gene frequency in a population over time

Question 2

What 5 things need to happen for evolutionary change to take place?

Answer 2

1. mutations (very important)
2. gene flow
3. non random mating
4. small population
5. Natural selection

Question 3

Mutations

Answer 3

You don’t get new phenotypes without changes in DNA

Question 4

Gene Flow

Answer 4

Flows like a river, is directional - new allele added into populations

Question 5

Genetic Drift

Answer 5

ocean, random chance. two catagories

Question 6

Founder effect

Answer 6

new pop. from old pop.

Question 7

Bottlenecking

Answer 7

random chance, pop is reduced - favors no trait.

Question 8

Natural Selection needs:

Answer 8

1. pop with varied pheotype
2. reproductive sucess in that phenotype
3. must be heritable

Question 9

Frequency-dependent selection

Answer 9

1. directional favors one extreme
2. stabilizing favors the norm
3. disruptive favors both extremes
   What % has that advantage?
   Negative favors oddball

Question 10

Limits of selection

Answer 10

Can favor one and reduce another; not enough variability to see much selection

Question 11

Darwin’s subtheories - 5

Answer 11

1. Perpetual change (always changing)
2. Multipication of species (not a fixed number)
3. gradualism (gradual change)
4. common decent
5. natural selection (survival of the fittest)

Question 12

Fossil evidence in a large scale:

Answer 12

1. Very rare - every one is translational species
2. snapshot in a large picture
3. some don’t fossilize well

Question 13

Homolgous structure

Answer 13

related groups, unrelated functions ex. human arms and bat wing

Question 14

Analagous structure

Answer 14

unrelated groups, similar function - dragonfly wings and bat wings

Question 15

Vastigial structures

Answer 15

present but don’t serve a purpose

Question 16

Covergent evolution

Answer 16

organisms unrealted look similar - different ways to make a mouse dark

Question 17

Look up critisms to evolution

Answer 17

just a theory, intellegent design, etc.

Question 18

Prezygotic

Answer 18

1. Ecological - don’t come in contact
2. Behavioral - different mating retuals
3. Temperal - timing of reproduction is off
4. Mechanical - lock and key
5. Gametic

Question 19

Sympactirc species

Answer 19

in contact with each other geographically

Question 20

Allopatric

Answer 20

geographically isolated

Question 21

Sympatric

Answer 21

1. Instantaneously - abnormal number of choromosomes

2. long periods of time - extremes are favored

Question 22

Adaptive radiation

Answer 22

species become two species then come back together

Question 23

Character displacement

Answer 23

food source not in competition with other peeps

Question 24

Systematics

Answer 24

evolutionary relationshhhhhips between animals

Question 25

Taxonomy

Answer 25

classification of living things

Question 26

Pylogony

Answer 26

see relatedness - family tree

Question 27

Derived charactristics

Answer 27

characteristics in a group that don’t exist outside a group

Question 28

Monophyletic group

Answer 28

common ansestor with all decendents in some group

Question 29

Paraphyletic group

Answer 29

don’t have the whole group

Question 30

Polyphyletic group

Answer 30

similar in some aspects, but not closely related