Chapter 1: Ethical Foundations

Question 1

The principle that practitioners always act in the best interest of the client.

Answer 1

Client-Centeredness

Question 2

The practitioner’s obligations to their clients to act in a particular manner

Answer 2

Duties

Question 3

The principle of “do no harm” and the pertinent ethical issue is whether the benefits outweigh the burdens.

Answer 3

Nonmaleficence

Question 4

The principle of “do good” and is the action that is done for the benefit of others.

Answer 4

Beneficence

Question 5

The process of getting a client’s permission before proceeding with a healthcare treatment. The client must have a clear understanding of the procedures, alternative approaches, benefits, and potential consequences. This information must be presented in a form that the client can understand and consent must be given without force.

Answer 5

Informed Consent

Question 6

The practitioner’s duties include protecting the client’s physical and emotional safety. The client’s rights include receiving treatment within a safe environment.

Answer 6

Safety

Question 7

The expectation that the collection and sharing of personal data is safeguarded.

Answer 7

Privacy

Question 8

The practitioner duties include maintaining clear time boundaries, providing agreed-upon treatments within the appropriate scope of practice, and remaining service-orientated. The client’s rights include receiving treatment within a context of structured time, activity, and roles.

Answer 8

Structure

Question 9

The role difference between a practitioner and client, in which the client is vulnerable and the practitioner has more power by virtue of training and experience.

Answer 9

Power Differential

Question 10

The ability to make one’s own decision.

Answer 10

Autonomy

Question 11

What clients are entitled to receive.

Answer 11

Rights

Question 12

What are the 3 complications of power differentials?

Answer 12

1) Misuse of power in attempts to help
2) Misuse of power for personal gain
3) Disempowerment of clients

Question 13

A normal psychological phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from client to practitioner.

Answer 13

Transference

Question 14

A client develops a “crush” on you, seems overly attached, and brings you a gift every time they see you. What are these examples of?

Answer 14

Transference

Question 15

A normal, unconscious psychological phenomena and redirection of feelings from practitioner to client.

Answer 15

Countertransference

Question 16

Helping a client in matters outside of the treatment session, such as offering rides or introducing the client to social contacts. What are these examples of?

Answer 16

Countertransference

Question 17

What are the 4 universal ethical principles?

Answer 17

1) Justice
2) Honesty
3) Reverence for Life
4) Adherence to Law

Question 18

What are the 3 ethical codes and regulations?

Answer 18

1) Laws
2) Professional Codes of Ethics
3) Organized Policies & Procedures

Question 19

Codified rules of conduct set forth by a society, generally based on shared ethical or moral principles.

Answer 19

Laws

Question 20

The where, when, and how a practitioner may provide services or function as a professional.

Answer 20

Scope of Practice

Question 21

Established guidelines for practitioner behaviour which includes informing the practitioner of ethical norms and behaviour, supply direction for challenging situations, encourage practitioners to provide excellent service, protect clients, and provide a means for enforcing desired professional behaviour.

Answer 21

Professional Codes of Ethics

Question 22

Practitioners who work in spas, clinics, group practices, or other businesses are also bound by that company’s ____________.

Answer 22

Organized Policies & Procedures

Question 23

What are the 5 examples of personal ethics and self-accountability?

Answer 23

1) Ethics
2) Morals
3) Values
4) Principles
5) Self-Accountability

Question 24

The study of right and wrong conduct, of how we should and should not behave.

Answer 24

Ethics

Question 25

Adhering to prevailing laws, respecting each client, and working within appropriate scope of practice are examples of ________.

Answer 25

Ethics

Question 26

Standards by which behaviours and character traits are judged as right or wrong. Usually based on cultural or religious standards and is a shared assessment, undertaken by a group of people.

Answer 26

Morals

Question 27

Beliefs about what is intrinsically worthwhile or desirable, rather than what is right and correct.

Answer 27

Values

Question 28

An individual’s rules or laws of behaviour that enable them to behave with integrity.

Answer 28

Principles

Question 29

Holding oneself responsible for one’s actions. Referred to as the “cornerstone of ethics” and is what you do when no one’s watching.

Answer 29

Self-Accountability

Question 30

A situation in which two or more duties, rights, or a combination of duties and rights are in conflict. As a result, regardless of what action is taken, something of value will be compromised.

Answer 30

Ethical Dilemma

Question 31

What are the steps of the Six-Step Resolution Model?

Answer 31

1) Identify the problem
2) Identify the potential issues involved
3) Review your profession’s code of ethics and relevant laws
4) Evaluate potential courses of action
5) Obtain consultation
6) Determine the best course of action

Question 32

Making decisions that are consistent or in alignment with the ethical values that apply to each situation.

Answer 32

Ethical Congruence

Question 33

A legal or ethical relationship of trust between two or more parties.

Answer 33

Fiduciary

Question 34

An adverse, preconceived judgement or opinion formed without sufficient knowledge or examination of the facts. It is usually not based on reason or actual experience.

Answer 34

Prejudice

Question 35

A belief that one’s ethnicity is superior to or significantly different from another person’s ethnicity.

Answer 35

Racism

Question 36

Freedom from interference in regards to one’s life and autonomy.

Answer 36

Self-Determination

Question 37

An oversimplified opinion or image of another group of people.

Answer 37

Stereotyping