Chapter 1 - Endocrine Flashcards
What is an endocrine gland?
A gland that is will pro-fused w/ blood where chemicals are secreted directly into the blood stream.
What is an exocrine gland?
Glands that produce a secretory product from the epithelial tissue.
Define hormone
Any chemical messenger released directly into the blood that travels through the blood to bind to distant target cells
What are the three capabilities that are unique to the nervous and endocrine systems?
- Detecting change
- Processing change
- Responding to change
Name the 10 organs of the traditional endocrine system
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Gland(s)
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testes
Define Humoral Stimulus
Release caused by altered levels of certain ions or nutrients
Define Neural Stimulus
Released cause by neural input
Define Hormonal Stimulus
Release caused by another hormone (tropic hormone)
Define Tropic Hormone
A hormone that causes the release of another hormone
What is the main difference between a water soluble hormone and lipid soluble hormone?
Water soluble hormones do not have a transport protein.
What does Adenylate Cyclase do?
Converts ATP into cAMP
What does cAMP activate?
Protein Kinase(s)
What does activated protein kinase do?
Phosphorylate cellular proteins
What kind of receptors do water soluble hormones bind to?
G-protein coupled receptor
What kind of response time do water soluble hormones have?
Exert response within seconds - minutes
Walk through steps of a water soluble protein.
- Binding of hormone to G-protein receptor activated G-protein. G protein activates adenylate cyclase.
- Activated adenylate cyclase coverts ATP to cAMP.
- CAMP serves as a second messenger to activate protein kinase.
- Protein Kinase phosphorylate cell proteins
- Millions of phosphorylated proteins cause reactions that produce physiological responses
- Phosphodiesterase inactivated cAMP
What is amplification?
Multiplying/amplifying the amount of something via other proteins/substances.
Why is protein kinase so important?
Protein kinase is important because they TURN ON the proteins that ultimately exert the response by pinning a phosphate group to the functional protein.
What is meant by agonist?
Stimulatory drugs (activates)
What is meant by antagonist?
Inhibitory Drugs
