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Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 1 - Endocrine > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

A gland that is will pro-fused w/ blood where chemicals are secreted directly into the blood stream.

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2
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Glands that produce a secretory product from the epithelial tissue.

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3
Q

Define hormone

A

Any chemical messenger released directly into the blood that travels through the blood to bind to distant target cells

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4
Q

What are the three capabilities that are unique to the nervous and endocrine systems?

A
  1. Detecting change
  2. Processing change
  3. Responding to change
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5
Q

Name the 10 organs of the traditional endocrine system

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary Gland
  3. Pineal Gland
  4. Thyroid Gland
  5. Parathyroid Gland
  6. Thymus
  7. Adrenal Gland(s)
  8. Pancreas
  9. Ovaries
  10. Testes
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6
Q

Define Humoral Stimulus

A

Release caused by altered levels of certain ions or nutrients

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7
Q

Define Neural Stimulus

A

Released cause by neural input

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8
Q

Define Hormonal Stimulus

A

Release caused by another hormone (tropic hormone)

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9
Q

Define Tropic Hormone

A

A hormone that causes the release of another hormone

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10
Q

What is the main difference between a water soluble hormone and lipid soluble hormone?

A

Water soluble hormones do not have a transport protein.

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11
Q

What does Adenylate Cyclase do?

A

Converts ATP into cAMP

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12
Q

What does cAMP activate?

A

Protein Kinase(s)

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13
Q

What does activated protein kinase do?

A

Phosphorylate cellular proteins

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14
Q

What kind of receptors do water soluble hormones bind to?

A

G-protein coupled receptor

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15
Q

What kind of response time do water soluble hormones have?

A

Exert response within seconds - minutes

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16
Q

Walk through steps of a water soluble protein.

A
  1. Binding of hormone to G-protein receptor activated G-protein. G protein activates adenylate cyclase.
  2. Activated adenylate cyclase coverts ATP to cAMP.
  3. CAMP serves as a second messenger to activate protein kinase.
  4. Protein Kinase phosphorylate cell proteins
  5. Millions of phosphorylated proteins cause reactions that produce physiological responses
  6. Phosphodiesterase inactivated cAMP
17
Q

What is amplification?

A

Multiplying/amplifying the amount of something via other proteins/substances.

18
Q

Why is protein kinase so important?

A

Protein kinase is important because they TURN ON the proteins that ultimately exert the response by pinning a phosphate group to the functional protein.

19
Q

What is meant by agonist?

A

Stimulatory drugs (activates)

20
Q

What is meant by antagonist?

A

Inhibitory Drugs

Anatomy & Physiology II (6 decks)

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