Chapter 1- end of book questions

Question 1

What is meant by Biochemistry?

Answer 1

All organisms are similar at a biochemical level, which suggests that all organisms on earth are derived from a common ancester

Question 2

structural difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 2

DNA: double stranded & sugar is deoxyribose; contains thymine
RNA: single stranded & sugar is ribose; contains uracil

Question 3

Difference between proteins and glycogen in regard to their polymeric structure

Answer 3

proteins: linear and composed of 20 different amino acids
glycogen: branched polymer composed of only glucose

Question 4

define enzyme

Answer 4

protein catalyst…catalysts enhance role of chemical reaction without themselves being altered

Question 5

which organelles are surrounded by two membranes

Answer 5

mitochondria, nuclei, and chloroplasts

Question 6

trace pathway of formation of secretory protein from its gene, to its exocytosis from cell

Answer 6

gene: transcribed into RNA, translated to protein on the ribosomes bound to ER, proteins enter the lumen of ER and is isolated into transport vesicles and then moves to the golgi complex where proteins are modified
- the protein is packaged into vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane…resulting in exocytosis of protein