chapter 1 document 2

Question 1

Body cell/Somatic cells/Diploid cell

Answer 1

Include all cells in body except gametes ex: muscle cell, nerve cell, blood cells

Question 2

Sex cell/gametes

Answer 2

Sperm in male and Ovule (ovum) in female

Question 3

Diploid (2n)

Answer 3

means that each chromosome is found as a pair (homologous
chromosomes), one is
paternal (inherited from the father) while the other is maternal (inherited form the mother) This means that each body cell will contain 23pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes).

Question 4

Haploid (n)

Answer 4

is having only1 chromosome of each type, not in pairs. This means that each gamete contains 23 chromosomes.

Question 5

Autosomes (body/ somatic chromosomes):

Answer 5

Autosomes determine the remaining characteristic/ phenotype(color of eyes,
hair, skin, blood type..)

Question 6

Gonosomes (sex chromosomes):

Answer 6

Determine the gender of the individual, secondary sexual characteristics and other phenotype.

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

is the process of cell division which allows the buildup & growth of the organisms, its cellular renewal as well as the maintenance of its biological identity.During mitosis, the number of chromosomes is conserved.

Question 8

Cell cycle

Answer 8

It consists of: Interphase (DNA replication)+ mitosis(cell division).

Question 9

Interphase

Answer 9

consists of Growth phase 1(G1), S phase, & Growth phase (G2).

Question 10

G1/growth 1/gap 1

Answer 10

Cell increases in size, high metabolism to produce materials needed for S phase

Question 11

s phase

Answer 11

DNA Synthesis= DNA duplication/ replication

Question 12

G2/Growth 2/Gap 2

Answer 12

Cell grows and prepare for mitosis

Question 13

Equational cell division:

Answer 13

It produces 2 daughter cells identical to each other and to the mother cell.

Question 14

Prophase

Answer 14

condensation of chromosomes

Question 15

Metaphase

Answer 15

equatorial plate

Question 16

Anaphase

Answer 16

eparation of sister chromatids & polar ascension

Question 17

Telophase

Answer 17

formation of 2 identical daughter cells

Question 18

cytokinesis

Answer 18

equal separation of cytoplasm and formation of 2 identical daughter cells

Question 19

what is the role mitosis

Answer 19

important for growth, development and cell repair.

Question 20

what cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 20

All cells (somatic & germ cells) undergo mitosis

Question 21

who does mitosis affect the cell?

Answer 21

Mitosis conserves the number of chromosomes, conserves the Karyotype -

Question 22

Differences in plants mitosis:

Answer 22

1. absence of asters
2. during telophase, formation of
   cellulosic membrane, no cytokinesis