Chapter 1 - Distinctive features of UK cities Flashcards
What is Cardiff?
Cardiff is one of 13 global cities in the UK and the largest city in Wales.
What period did Cardiff experience rapid growth due to coal-related industries?
Between around 1850 and 1920.
What type of housing was built to accommodate dock workers in Cardiff?
Terraced houses.
What is the term for the process of physical and population growth in cities?
Urbanisation.
During which years did Cardiff experience a second phase of growth?
From 1930 to the mid-1980s.
What factors contributed to the suburbanisation of Cardiff?
Better public transport and more widespread car ownership.
What is suburbanisation also known as?
Suburban sprawl.
Which small villages became part of the urban area of Cardiff due to suburbanisation?
Radyr and Whitchurch.
What phase of growth has Cardiff experienced between the mid-1980s and today?
Re-urbanisation.
Where was new housing built during the re-urbanisation phase in Cardiff?
On old industrial sites once occupied by dock-related industries in Butetown next to Cardiff Bay.
What has been the effect of re-urbanisation on the population of the inner urban area of Cardiff?
The population of this zone has been rising.
What is urbanisation?
The growth of the urban population and of the area covered by towns and cities.
Define suburbanisation.
The growth of the suburbs on the edge of a town or city.
Define re-urbanisation
The growth in population of the inner part of a city as new houses and flats are built.
What are the distinct neighbourhoods in Cardiff characterized by?
Urban features, such as age or style of houses and presence of parks, shops, offices, or factories.
What other aspect defines each neighbourhood in Cardiff besides urban features?
The community of people who live there.
What factors influence the socio-economic group to which a person belongs?
Factors include age, education, income, ethnicity, and race.
What is a socio-economic group?
A group of people who have similar social and economic characteristics.
What type of houses are prevalent in Cardiff’s inner urban area?
Terraced houses built in the period 1880-1914
Name two neighbourhoods in Cardiff’s inner urban area.
Canton and Grangetown
What suburban neighbourhood is mentioned in relation to Cardiff?
Rhiwbina
Where is Rhiwbina located?
Rhiwbina is located to the north, west, and east of Cardiff.
What are multi-purpose urban environments?
Urban environments that provide places for people to live, work, and enjoy leisure and cultural activities
Why can multi-purpose urban environments be challenging?
They can evoke different perceptions or feelings among people
What might some people find frightening in urban environments?
Meeting crowds of noisy and excited fans
What is the sphere of influence?
The area within which people are affected by a feature of the environment.
What types of effects can occur within a sphere of influence?
Effects may be good or bad.
How do effects within a sphere of influence change with distance?
The effects decline with distance.
What is a sphere of influence in the context of urban environments?
An area within which local residents may be affected in either a good or bad way.
Give an example of a positive sphere of influence.
A skate park provides benefits for teenagers in the local area.
What is an example of a negative sphere of influence?
Noise from a busy road may be a nuisance to people living close by.
Who is most affected by features of the urban environment?
People living closest to the features.
What issues do local residents complain about regarding town centre pubs and night clubs?
Noise, bad language, and drunken fights on the street.
Which properties are worst affected by noise from pubs?
Properties next to pubs.
What term do geographers use to describe the reduced impact with distance?
‘Friction of distance’
When did Somali migrants first arrive in Cardiff?
Between 1880 and 1900
What type of work did many Somali migrants do in Cardiff?
Worked in the ships exporting coal from the docks in Butetown.
Butetown was known as Tiger Bay during that time.
In addition to Cardiff, which other UK ports did Somali seamen settle in?
- London docklands
- Bristol
- Hull
- Liverpool
How many Somali sailors and their families were living in Cardiff by 1945?
Around 2,000
What significant event began in Somalia in 1991?
A long civil war
Where did refugees from the Somali civil war first move to?
Refugee camps in other African countries such as Kenya and Ethiopia
After leaving refugee camps, where did some Somali refugees eventually migrate to?
The UK
They joined the existing Somali community already present in the UK.
What percentage of Cardiff’s population are members of ethnic minorities?
Eight percent
From which regions did economic migrants move to Cardiff between 1800 and the 1930s?
Other European countries and the countries of the British Empire
What was the name of the area in Cardiff where many migrants settled?
Tiger Bay
What are the two largest communities in Cardiff descended from?
South Asian and Somali migrants
Approximately how many Somalis live in Cardiff?
A little under 10,000
In which Cardiff wards do most Somalis live?
Grangetown and Riverside
Why do Somalis choose to live in the Grangetown and Riverside districts?
To be close to other family members
What type of shops are prevalent in the Somali community in Cardiff?
Halal butchers and fast food
What cultural facilities are found in the Somali district of Cardiff?
Mosques and Muslim cultural centres
What types of housing options are available in the Somali district of Cardiff?
A wide variety of different sized houses and flats for both rent and sale
What are economic migrants?
People who move home to find work
What demographic is often represented among economic migrants?
Young adults
From where do many economic migrants in the UK move?
From one region of the UK to another
What countries do many economic migrants to the UK come from?
Commonwealth countries, such as India, and European countries, such as Poland
How do economic migrants contribute to the UK economy?
By doing a range of jobs in various fields
List some fields in which economic migrants work in the UK.
- Health
- Social care
- Agriculture
What are some characteristics of affluent neighbourhoods?
Residents have professional jobs and reasonable incomes
What issues may residents in deprived neighbourhoods face?
Lack of safe play areas, poor housing conditions, poor health
What environmental issues are associated with some deprived neighbourhoods?
Poor air quality due to busy traffic
What is the definition of deprivation?
Lacking the social, economic or environmental features that give people a comfortable quality of life
What factors are considered in the measure of deprivation?
Income and job type, health, safety, physical condition of the local environment
True or False: Zones of wealth and deprivation can exist close to each other.
True
What is an example of an area in Cardiff that represents a zone of wealth and deprivation?
Riverside
In what context is the term ‘deprivation’ used?
To describe areas lacking features for a comfortable quality of life
What does the term ‘affluent’ refer to in the context of neighbourhoods?
Wealthy
What is the purpose of Neighbourhood Renewal Schemes?
To improve the physical environment of areas suffering deprivation
How are local residents involved in Neighbourhood Renewal Schemes?
They participate in the planning stage to discover what is needed
What are the neighbourhood renewal schemes designed for?
to make the local environment:
* safer
* more attractive
* better used by local people
What are some examples of improvements made through Neighbourhood Renewal Schemes?
- Improving pavements
- Planting trees
- Installing better street lighting
- Providing skate parks
What is the Alley Gating Programme?
A project designed to improve safety and reduce crime in central and southern Cardiff
What does the Alley Gating Programme do?
This programme installs metal gates across alleys behind Victorian terraced houses.
What years did the Alley Gating Programme operate?
2019-2021
Give 4 examples of schemes used in Cardiff to regenerate deprived neighbourhoods
Planting tress
The Alley Gating programme
Working with local residents to create a community garden
Installing a children’s playground in Lisvane
