Chapter 1: Definitional and Historical considerations and Canada's mental system health Flashcards
What is the Kirby Report?
Senator Michael Kirby released its report The Health of Canadians - The Federal Role.
What did the Kirby Report due for mental health?
Transformed Mental Health, mental illness and addiction services in Canada.
What were mental disorders believed to be caused by up until this point?
- Events beyond the control of humankind
- Displeasure
What is Trepanning?
Surgical opening, it was thought that the demons dwelled within them and drilling a hole in the skull would allow them to leave
What is Somatogensis?
The notion that something wrong with the Soma, or physical body , disturbs thought and actions.
What is Psychogensis?
is the belief that a disturbance has psychological origins.
What are the 3 things Hippocrates did for medicine?
- seperated medicine from religion/magic/superstition
- insisted that illnesses had natural causes thus should be treated like other illnesses.
- Mental health = balance of four humors/fluids
What did the Middle Ages bring on in medicine?
social unrest, plagues, turned to demonology to explain the unknown, led to an obsession with the devil. Lots of deaths because of it.
What was the development of asylums?
Leprosarium’s become asylums
What happened in the desire to help the mentally ill?
led to the confinement of the mentally ill
Who was Benjamin Rush (1745- 1813)?
is considered the father of American Psychology
What were Rush’s contributions?
- draw great quantities of blood
- could be cured by medicine
Who is Phillippe Pinel (1745-1826)?
he believed patients should be treated with dignity
- not beasts, light and airy rooms replaced dungeons, walks around grounds, and patients finally discharged.
Who was Dorothea Dix?
Moral treatment was abandoned in the latter part of the 1800s but D.D efforts resurrected it.
By the 19th century what returned?
Somatogenic views.
What is Kraepelin’s Early classification system?
- Louis Pasteur germ theory of disease
- demonstrative of brain areas
- destructive of brain areas,
- a form of psychopathology
Canada started doing brainwashing and lobotomies.
How long did it take to deinstitutionalize asylums?
40 years in Canada
What was the new goal?
shift care from psychiatric hospitals into the community.
What was Trans institutionalization?
more care, more mentally ill people in prison then hospitals.
What is the current role of Psychiatic hospitals?
“Tertiary” – used as rehab services for people who can’t function by themselves.
What is CTO’s?
Community treatment orders - legal tools issued by a medical practitioner that established the conditions under which a mentally ill person may live in the community,
What happened if they failed to follow the CTO?
returned to a psychiatric facility for assessment
What is abnormal psychology?
Abnormality usually determined by the presence of several characteristics at one time such as:
-statistical infrequency
-violation of norms
-personal distress
-disability or dysfunction
-unexpectedness
What is statistical infrequency?
a behavior that occurs rarely or infrequently (giftedness)
What is violation of norms?
a behavior that defies or goes against social norms. it either threatens or makes anxious those observing it. (hannibal)
What is personal distress?
a behavior that creates personal suffering, distress/torment in the person. (Narcissistic personality disorder)
What is a disability or dysfunction?
a behavior that causes impairment in some important area of life (e.g., work)
What is unexpectedness?
a surprising or out of proportion response to environmental stressors can be considered abnormal.
What are the most important ones?
impairment, personal distress.
How many psychiatrists are there in Canada?
3,600
What are some of the stereotypes and stigmatizations around mental health?
unpredictable, violent, attention seeking,
What is the cost of mental health in Canada?
there is more burden on mental health then there is in all cancers combined
6.6 billion in 2004
14.3 billion in 2010
What are the defense mechanisms the unconscious uses as strategies to protect the ego from anxiety?
- repression
- denial
- projection
- displacement
- reaction formulation
- regression
- rationalization
- sublimation
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What is repression?
pushes unacceptable impulses/thoughts into the unconscious
What is denial?
disavowing a traumatic experience and pushing it into the unconscious
What is Projection?
attributes to external agents’ characteristics/desires that an individual possesses but cannot accept in his or her conscious awareness.
What is displacement?
redirecting emotional responses from a perhaps dangerous object to a substitute.
What is reaction formation?
converting one feeling into its opposite.
What is regression?
retreating to the behavioral patterns of an earlier age.
What is rationalization?
inventing a reason for an unreasonable action or attitude?
What is sublimation?
converting sexual/aggressive impulses into socially valued behaviors?
