Chapter 1: Data and Statistics

Question 1

statistics

Answer 1

the art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

Question 2

data

Answer 2

the facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation.

Question 3

data set

Answer 3

all the data collected in a particular study.

Question 4

elements

Answer 4

the entities on which data are collected.

Question 5

variable

Answer 5

a characteristic of interest for the elements.

Question 6

observation

Answer 6

the set of measurements obtained for a particular element.

Question 7

nominal scale

Answer 7

the scale of measurement for a variable when the data are labels or names used to identify an attribute of an element. nominal data may be nonnumeric or numeric.

Question 8

ordinal scale

Answer 8

the scale of measurement for a variable if the data exhibit the properties of nominal data and the order or rank of the data is meaningful. ordinal data may be nonnumeric or numeric.

Question 9

interval scale

Answer 9

the scale of measurement for a variable if the data demonstrate the properties of ordinal data and the interval between values is expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure. interval data are always numeric.

Question 10

ratio scale

Answer 10

the scale of measurement for a variable if the data demonstrate all the properties of interval data and the ratio of two values is meaningful. ratio data are always numeric.

Question 11

categorical data

Answer 11

labels or names used to identify an attribute of each element. categorical data use either nominal or ordinal scale of measurement and may be nonnumeric or numeric.

Question 12

quantitative data

Answer 12

numeric values that indicate how much or how many of something. quantitative data are obtained using either the interval or ratio scale of measurement.

(quantity of something)

Question 13

categorical variable

Answer 13

a variable with categorical data

Question 14

quantitative variable

Answer 14

a variable with quantitative data.

Question 15

cross-sectional data

Answer 15

data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time.

Question 16

time series data

Answer 16

data collected over several periods of time.

Question 17

descriptive statistics

Answer 17

tabular, graphical, and numerical summaries of data.

Question 18

population

Answer 18

the set of all elements of interest in a particular study

Question 19

sample

Answer 19

a subset of the population.

Question 20

cenus

Answer 20

a survey to collect data on the entire population.

Question 21

sample survey

Answer 21

a survey to collect data on a sample

Question 22

statistical inference

Answer 22

the process of using data obtained from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the characteristics of a population.

Question 23

data mining

Answer 23

the process of using procedures from statistics and computer science to extract useful information from extremely large databases.

Question 24

the art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.

Answer 24

statistics

Question 25

the facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation.

Answer 25

data

Question 26

all the data collected in a particular study.

Answer 26

data set

Question 27

the entities on which data are collected.

Answer 27

elements

Question 28

a characteristic of interest for the elements.

Answer 28

variable

Question 29

the set of measurements obtained for a particular element.

Answer 29

observation

Question 30

the scale of measurement for a variable when the data are labels or names used to identify an attribute of an element. nominal data may be nonnumeric or numeric.

Answer 30

nominal scale

Question 31

the scale of measurement for a variable if the data exhibit the properties of nominal data and the order or rank of the data is meaningful. ordinal data may be nonnumeric or numeric.

Answer 31

ordinal scale

Question 32

the scale of measurement for a variable if the data demonstrate the properties of ordinal data and the interval between values is expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure. interval data are always numeric.

Answer 32

interval scale

Question 33

the scale of measurement for a variable if the data demonstrate all the properties of interval data and the ratio of two values is meaningful. ratio data are always numeric.

Answer 33

ratio scale

Question 34

labels or names used to identify an attribute of each element. categorical data use either nominal or ordinal scale of measurement and may be nonnumeric or numeric.

Answer 34

categorical data

Question 35

numeric values that indicate how much or how many of something. quantitative data are obtained using either the interval or ratio scale of measurement.

Answer 35

quantitative data

Question 36

a variable with categorical data

Answer 36

categorical variable

Question 37

a variable with quantitative data.

Answer 37

quantitative variable

Question 38

data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time.

Answer 38

cross-sectional data

Question 39

data collected over several periods of time.

Answer 39

time series data

Question 40

tabular, graphical, and numerical summaries of data.

Answer 40

descriptive statistics

Question 41

the set of all elements of interest in a particular study

Answer 41

population

Question 42

a subset of the population.

Answer 42

sample

Question 43

a survey to collect data on the entire population.

Answer 43

cenus

Question 44

a survey to collect data on a sample

Answer 44

sample survey

Question 45

the process of using data obtained from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the characteristics of a population.

Answer 45

statistical inference

Question 46

the process of using procedures from statistics and computer science to extract useful information from extremely large databases.

Answer 46

data mining