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EST Essentials > Chapter 1: Communication's Principles > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Communication's Principles Flashcards

1
Q

S P R of info by electrical or electronic means

A

Communications System

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2
Q

Alessandro Volta - electric battery

A

1799

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3
Q

Joseph Henry - transmitted first practical signal over one mile of wire to activate electromagnet

A

1830

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4
Q

Samuel Morse - invented telegraph

A

1837

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5
Q

Alexander Bain - Facsimile

A

1843

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6
Q

Transatlantic cable laid and failed

A

1858

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7
Q

Emile Baudot - binary code for telegraph

A

1875

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8
Q

Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone.

A

1876

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9
Q

Thomas Alva Edison invented the phonograph.

A

1877

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10
Q

James Clerk Maxwell predicted mathematically radio propagation.

A

1864

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11
Q

Alexander Graham Bell patented the photophone.

A

1880

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12
Q

Heinrich Hertz verified experimentally Maxwell’s theory.

A

1887

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13
Q

Friedrich Reinitzer invented liquid crystal.

A

1888

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14
Q

Guglielmo Marco demonstrated wireless transmission.

A

1895

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15
Q

Reginald Fessenden invents AM

A

1906

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16
Q

Radio Station KDKA broadcasts the first regular licensed AM radio transmission.

A

1920

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17
Q

Philo Farnsworth produced the first all-electronic television transmission.

A

1927

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18
Q

Heinrich Lamm was the first to transmit images through a single glass fiber.

A

1930

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19
Q

Major Edwin Armstrong invented FM (frequency modulation) radio.

A

1933

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20
Q

Alec Reeves invented binary coded pulse-code modulation.

A

1937

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21
Q

First use of two-way radio (walkie-talkies).

A

1939

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22
Q

Invention and perfection of radar (World War II).

A

1940

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23
Q

The AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company) inaugurated the first mobile telephone system for the public known as Mobile Telephone System.

A

1946

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24
Q

AT&T developed the concept of cellular telephony but the technology to realize the concept did not yet exist.

A

1947

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25
Q

Abraham van Heel, Harold Hopkins and Narinder Kapany announced imaging bundles, which propelled the fiber optics revolution and led to the development of flexible fiberscope.

A

1954

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26
Q

Russia launched the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1.

A

1957

27
Q

Citizens band radio first used.

A

1961

28
Q

NASA launches its first artificial satellite Telstar.

A

1962

29
Q

HDTV (high-definition television) was introduced in Japan.

A

1970

30
Q

Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf invented TCP (transmission control protocol).

A

1972

31
Q

Robert Metcalfe invents Ethernet to wire local computers together, and Martin Cooper of Motorola invented the first practical mobile phone.

A

1973

32
Q

First commercial use of optical fiber cables.

A

1977

33
Q

Internet development and first use.

A

1982

34
Q

AT&T opened the first commercial cellular telephone system in the United States.

A

1983

35
Q

Tim Burners-Lee invents the WWW (World Wide Web).

A

1991

36
Q

First browser Mosaic.

A

1993

37
Q

Global Positioning System deployed.

A

1995

38
Q

First smartphones by BlackBerry, Nokia, and Palm.

A

1996

39
Q

First WLANS (wireless local area networks).

A

1997

40
Q

DTV (digital television) transmission begins in the United States.

A

1999

41
Q

First fourth-generation LTE (long-term evolution) cellular networks and first 100 Gbps fiber optical networks.

A

2009

42
Q

Source of information. Performs encoding and modulation

A

Transmitter

43
Q

M - modulation the signal
A - provides power to signal
O - provides carrier signal

A

Modulator, amplifier, oscillator

44
Q

Destination of information. Performs decoding and demodulation

A

Receiver

45
Q

D - Demodulates signal
A - provides power
O - devices such as speaker, monitor, etc.

A

Demodulator (detector), amplifier, output devices

46
Q

Path or medium, which info travels unto. Attenuation (power loss) happens here

A

Transmission channels or medium

47
Q

Electronic circuit for increasing signal magnitude or amplitude w/o altering signal

A

Amplifier

48
Q

Produces periodic waveform with DC supply voltage as input. Non-rotating device to produce AC. Can be thought of as an ampli that provides itself (feedback)

A

Oscillator

49
Q

Parallel resonant circuit. Used at high frequency.

A

LC oscillator

Note: RC oscillators are simpler, have lower cost, and are more suited for digital logic applications. LC oscillators are primarily used for higher-frequency applications, offer greater stability, and produce cleaner, nearly sinusoidal waveforms with fewer harmonics. They are commonly used in RF applications.

50
Q

H oscillator - tapped coil as feedback
Co oscillator - split capacitor
Cl oscillator - addtl capacitor in series
Ar oscillator- tickler or transformer coil

A

Hartley
Colpitts
Clapp
Armstrong

51
Q

USES RC networks for regenative feedback. Used for low frequencies

A

RC oscillator

*Note: The impedance of an RC filter approaches R as the frequency enters the pass band.The impedance of an LC filter approaches 0. So an RC filter will always be an attenuator while the ideal LC filter is not.

52
Q

W B - oscillator- a sinusoidal feedback uses lead-lag circuit
P S- series of RC sections
Cr - output are highly stable and very precise frequency

A

Wien Bridge oscillator
Phase shift oscillator
Crystal oscillator

53
Q

● Frequency selective circuit. Passes or rejects frequency.
● Simple filters constructed by RC or LC are?
● Special filters that uses RC w/ feedback opamp circuit… can use DSP

A

Filters, passive filters, active filters

54
Q

Types of filter circuits:
LP - passes frequency below cutoff or critical frequency and attenuate above cutoff
HP- passes above but rejects below cutoff frequency
BP - passes frequency over narrow range between lower and upper cutoff
BR - rejects frequency over narrow range but allows frequency above and below to pass
AP - passes all equally but has phase shift characteristics

A

Low pass, high-pass, bandpass, band reject, All-pass

55
Q

●Number of times a phenomenon occurs in a period of time.
●1 positive alteration and 1 negative alteration = ?

A

Frequency (Hz), 1 cycle

56
Q

defined as a single-valued function of time that conveys information

A

Signal

57
Q

time-varying voltages or currents that are continuously changing such as sine and cosine waves. Electrical signals of which amplitude changes continuously with respect to time with no breaks or discontinuities. Voice and video voltages

A

Analog signals

58
Q

voltages or currents that change in discrete steps or levels. Electrical signals amplitude maintains constant level for a prescribed period of time and then it changes to another level with respect to time with no breaks or discontinuities. Most digital signals use binary
or two-state codes.

A

Digital signals

59
Q

frequency range over which information signal is transmitted or over which a receiver or other circuits operates

A

Bandwidth

60
Q

Known as cutoff, -3dB, breakup points

A

Half power points

61
Q

Fundamental quantity for rate at which energy is used. Can be converted to heat

A

Power

62
Q

Form of external noise when info signals from one source produce frequency that falls outside their allocated bandwidth and affects another source

A

Interference

63
Q

●Most common type of noise.
●Can noise be fully eliminated?
●Noise can be reduced by?

A

Thermal noise, no only minimize, reducing bandwidth

64
Q

●Used to determine the degree of intelligibility of a received signal
●Used to determine how much SN deteriorates as signal passes thru
●previous answer in dB

A

Signal to noise ratio, noise factor, noise figure

EST Essentials (4 decks)

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