Chapter 1: Communication Process And Its Components Flashcards
as the process of sharing meaning in any context
Communication
as a systematic process in which people interact with and through
symbols to create and interpret meanings
Communication
Communication is a _______ and includes context, participants,
messages, channels, presence or absence of noise, and feedback.
Process
is the setting in which communication occurs
Context
refers to where communication takes place.
Temperature, lighting, noise level are some factors that affect
communication process.
Physical Context
is the relationship that exists between and among
participants. We communicate with our friends, family, workmates, or
strangers. For instance, we communicate differently with our parents or siblings at home and these
changes when we talk to our professor or classmates.
Social Context
is the background provided by the previous communication between
participants that influences understanding of the current encounter.
Historical Context
includes moods and feelings each person brings to the communication
Psychological Context
includes beliefs, values, norms, that are shared by a large group of people
Cultural Context
are the people communication – the sender and the
receiver
Participants
are encoded or decoded information in a communication
process
Messages
carries the message sent by the participants. It is a route
travelled by the message and the means of transportation
Channel
is anything that interferes with communication
Noise
are sights,
sounds, and other stimuli
in the environment that
draw people’s attention
away from what is being
said
External Noises
are
thoughts and feelings that
intervene with the
communication process
Internal Noises
are
unintended meanings
aroused by certain symbols
that prevent
comprehension
Semantic Noises
is the response to message. This shows how the message sent is heard, seen, and
understood
Feedback
is
one-way, non-interactive communication. Examples could include a speech, a television
broadcast, or sending a memo
Linear Model
is two-way and interactive. In the transactional model, both parties are
both sender and receiver. It happens in real-time and, generally, they must both be present, even
if it’s via technology such as Skype
Transactional Model
encompasses encompasses any form of
communication involving words, spoken
Verbal Communication
includes body language, such as gestures,
facial expressions, eye contact, and posture
Non-verbal Communication
The sound of our voice,
including pitch, tone and volume are also forms of _________
Non-verbal Communication
formal method of communication and
a written document preserved that becomes a permanent record for
future reference. This includes sending of messages, orders or
instructions in writing through letters, circulars, manuals, reports,
telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc
Written Communication
refers to
communication carried out by the use of information
communication technology (ICT)
Mediated Communication/Mediated Interaction
occurs within the person, this is sometimes referred to as
cognitive or personal communication or “self talk”
Intrapersonal Communication
refers to communication that occurs between two persons or
more who establishes communicative relationships
Interpersonal Communication
is a level of communication wherein the message is intended to a large
crowd or an audience.
Public Communication
Public communication could be _______, face-to-face message delivery of a speaker to an
audience, or it could be _______, using radio or television.
Direct; Inderect
A type of communication that does not make use of words but may enhance or change the linguistic
code.
Non-verbal Communication
One of the biggest misconceptions of the people is that…
…what is being said is more important than how it is being said
are the devices used in conveying messages without
entirely relying on speech or language.
Non-linguistic Elements of Communication
is the study of the
relationship between
nonlinguistic body motions
(blushes, shrugs) and
communication
Kinesics
is the study of how
people use and perceive the
physical space around them
Proxemics
is the study of smell
which is least understood of all
the aspects of communication
Olfactics
is the study of the
use of time in nonverbal
communication
Chronemics
________is the study of the sense
of touch.
Haptics
_______ is also the way
to communicate with others
Touch
is the study of eye
movement or eye contact
Oculesics
are the objects
affect the behavior of
communicators during
interactions
Objectics
are factors like
physique, height, weight, hair, skin,
color, gender, odors and clothing
send nonverbal messages during
interaction; thus people give
importance to the way they look.
Physical Appearance
Just as we need food, water, and shelter, communication
accomplish our need to talk to another human being
We communicate to meet needs
Because we communicate, we learn
who we are and what we can do
We communicate to enhance or maintain our sense of self
We greet people, talk and communicate with them
in order to meet our social obligation
We communicate to fulfil social obligations
Through communication, we develop relationships
with other people. We can also deepen and maintain these relationships through communication.
We communicate to develop relationships
Some information we get through reading,
observations, media, and through communicating with others
We communicate to exchange information
We use communication in encouraging and persuading
other towards something like motivating a friend to study for an exam
We communicate to influence others
The purpose of communication may be
trivial or significant but one way of evaluating if the communication is
successful is if it has accomplished its purpose
Communication is purposive
Communication happens non-stop, even silence communicates
something. Therefore, it is imperative that we be aware and conscious of the non-verbal
behaviour we constantly send
Communication is continuous
Communication may occur
spontaneously (without much thought), it could also be based on a learned script, or it could be
constructed based on the understanding of a situation
Communication messages vary in conscious encoding
In any communication setting, people not
only share meanings but also negotiate and enhance their relationships. This
plays a role in developing, maintaining, and dissolving relationships
Communication is relational
When we communicate we
cannot avoid making choices with ethical implications. In communicating,
we must recognize some ethical standards
Communication has ethical implications
Communicating well is a skill, therefore it can be
learned. Simply talking is not communicating. It involves listening,
processing thoughts and opinions, and then speaking. This could be
acquired through practice
Communication is learned
are values that have been instilled in us, we have knowingly or unknowingly accepted them
and govern our actions
Ethics
Ethical communicators or speakers according to Berko (1995) should:
- speak with sincerity;
- not knowingly expose an audience to falsehood or half-truths that can cause significant harm;
- not premeditatedly alter the truth;
present the truth as she or he understands it; - raise the listeners level of expertise by supplying the necessary facts;
- employs message that is free from mental as well as physical coercion;
- not invent or fabricate information; and
- give credit to the source of information.
Enumerate: COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS
- Sender
- Encoding
- Message
- Channel
- Decoding
- Receiver
- Feedback
- Noise
- Context
Enumerate: CONTEXT
- Physical Context
- Social Context
- Historical Context
- Psychological Context
- Cultural Context
Enumerate: NOISE
- External Noises
- Internal Noises
- Semantic Noises
Enumerate: MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
- The Linear Model
- The Transactional Model
Enumerate: TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
- Verbal Communication
- Non-verbal Communication
- Written Communication
- Mediated Communication
Enumerate: LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
- Intrapersonal Communication
- Interpersonal Communication
- Public Communication
Enumerate: NON-LINGUISTICS ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
- Kinesics
- Proxemics
- Olfactics
- Chronemics
- Haptics
- Oculesics
- Objectics
- Physical Appearance
Enumerate: FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
- Communication is purposive
- Communication is continuous
- Communication messages vary in conscious encoding
- Communication is relational
- Communication has ethical implication
- Communication is learned
Enumerate: FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
- Communication is purposive
- Communication is continuous
- Communication messages vary in conscious encoding
- Communication is relational
- Communication has ethical implication
- Communication is learned
