Chapter 1- Colonies In The Wilderness 1814-1840 Flashcards
The great migration
A period of high immigration to Canada from 1815-1850 involving over 800 000 immigrants.
Late Loyalists
Largest group to settle in upper Canada before the war of 1812 and had remained neutral through the American revolution or were openly hostile towards the crown
Tories
An American colonist who supported the British side during the American revolution
Louis Joseph papineau
Leader of radical reformers. Powerful public speaker
Chateau Clique
A group of wealthy families in lower Canada. Equivalent of the family compact in upper Canada
Industrial revolution
The transition to new manufacturing process in the period from about 1760-1840
Oligarchies
When the government is run by few people
Liberals
A political party who are open to new behaviours or opinions and are willing to discard old traditions
William Lyon Mackenzie
Leader of the reform movement and was elected to be a member of the legislative assembly
Clergy and crown reserves
Blocks of land set aside to provide income and for the government and Anglican Church. In total took up 2/7 of the land
Grosse Isle
Where immigrants would recover from disease although many died there (coffin ships)
Rebellions of 1837-1839
Two armed uprisings that took place in lower and upper Canada. Both rebellions were frustrated with political reforms and wanted a responsible government
Family compact
A small group of officials who helped run upper Canada
Prior to the 1800s what industry dominated the land west and north of the Great Lakes?
Fur trade
In 1825 where did most people in upper Canada choose to live by?
Lake Ontario
How could life in upper Canada in the 1820s be described?
Quiet land, difficult life style
Who did the work for most of the upper-class immigrants in upper Canada
They (immigrants) had to do all of the back breaking labour
What was the ruling group in upper Canada called?
United empire loyalists
Why was their dissatisfaction in upper Canada by the settlers?
They were promised good land but they got bad lands with poor restrictions as well as roads
Why did the crown and clergy reserves cause problems
These blocks of land were scattered through the township so they blocked road development and caused grief to settlers
Where did most immigrants to British North America in the early 1800s come from?
Great Britain or United States but some came from European countries
Why were the immigrant ships often called coffin ships
It was a death ship. Many passengers died and were dumped over board
Why did immigrants come to British North America
They were attracted by the advertising campaigns and they had a poor lifestyle
What was the Underground Railroad
A network of secret trails and pathways leading to Canada
What was life like for most upper class women in upper Canada
They did all the household labour and thought of their success depending on who was her father or husband
Why did slaves immigrate to Canada
Upper Canada was a refuge/safe place for slaves to have freedom.
What did blacks find when they came to Canada
Few people found acceptance but there were several black communities
What is the term used for the small group of rich and powerful men that ran the government in upper and lower Canada
Oligarchies
Who was leading the reform movement in upper Canada in the 1820s and 1830s?
William Lyon Mackenzie
Who was aloud to vote in upper Canada in the 1830s
Adult white men
Why did the rebellions of 1837/1838 occur in upper and lower Canada ?
The people wanted a responsible government
How successful were the rebellions of 1837 in upper and lower Canada?
Originally unsuccessful
What happened during the rebellion of 1837-1838 in lower Canada?
Patriotes were led by papineau but defeated after a few battles. Papineau then ran away.
What is responsible government?
A government in which the executive has the support of the elected legislative body
Who were the family compact and where were they?
A select socials group which controlled social, political and economic life in upper Canada.
Who were the reformers?
A group in upper Canada who opposed the family compact
How did the radicals differ from the reformers ?
The reformers wanted change in the government through political change but the radicals wanted immediate change and were prepared to fight for it
Who was William Lyon mackenzie?
Leader of the radicals in upper Canada. He was against government control from Britain
Who were the chateau cliques?
A select group that controlled the economic and political actions in lower Canada. Kept control of lower Canada in the name of the British and not the French.
Who were the patriots and who was their leader?
Their leader was Louis Joseph Papineau. They were a group of political radicals in lower Canada. They opposed the chateau clique and wanted power in the hands of the people.
