chapter 1 coatings Flashcards
the earliest known paintings were made from naturally occuring _______ rubbed into the surface of a caves interior.
iron oxide
First synthetic pigment ______ _____ was made from lime, sand, soda ash, and copper oxide heated together and ground to a relatively fine powder.
Egyptian Blue
the first use of paint vehicles included ____ ____, ____ , _______ ,______ , and glue
gum arabic
egg-whites
gelatin
beeswax
The first actual protective coatings, developed by Egyptians, involved the use of various _______ and ______ to coat their ships.
pitches
balsams
the oldest known clear finish, ______ , was developed in Burma and Thailand.
Shellac
One of the earlies , most effective coating systems consisted of a _____ _____-______ oil primer applied in ____ or more coats, followed by a linseed oil-_____ topcoat applied in ____ or more coats.
red lead-linseed
one
graphite
two
The inorganic zinc coating (______ _____) was an Australian development, followed closely by an an American refinement involving the use of a post-curing solution rather that heat curing.
stoving grade
Epoxy resins developed shortly after——-
world war II
Polyurethane polymers were first created by Dr. ____ m_____ in 1937
Otto Bayer
two component aliphatic polyurethane topcoats development occurred in the late _______
1970’s
Titanium dioxide, introduced during world war I has ____ to ____ times the tinting strength and hiding power of earlier white pigments
5 to 10
single component moisture-cured polyurethane were first used in the united states
Bridges in 1973
paint may be defined as any _____ material containing drying oils alone or in combination with natural _____ and ______ which , when applied to a suitable substrate, will combine with oxygen from the air to form a _____ -_______ film over the substrate.
liquid
resins and pigments
solid continuous
paint may also be defined as any liquid material containing ______ _____ of ______, _____ ____, or _____ or modifications thereof, in combination with pigments, _____, and _______, which when applied to a suitable substrate, will coalesce into a solid continuous film over the substrate, thus providing weather resistant , decorative surface.
aqueous dispersions
latex, polyvinyl acetate or acrylic
plasticizers and additives
a protective coating is any material composed essentially of ____ resins or _____ silicate polymers, when, when applied to a suitable substrate, will provide a continuous coating that will resist _____ or _____ environments.
synthetic resins or inorganic
industrial or marine environments
a protective coating may be formed solely by the _____ of solvents leaving a resinous film (Lacquer), by _____ or _____ _____ reaction(epoxy), by reaction with products in the air (____, _____, or _____ ____ coating), by coalescence (_____, _____,or ______), by heat as a hot melt (coal tar or asphalt), as a powder, which is ____ on the surface (____ ____ epoxy), or by applying a pre-formed sheet of _____ coating material over the structure (e.g., vinyl or polyethylene sheet.
evaporation
condensation or internal chemical reaction
alkyd polyurethane or inorganic zinc coating
emulsions, plastisols,or dispersions
melted fusion bonded epoxy
resinous
painting purpose
the major consideration is preservation of the structure or equipment from the environment
protection
painting purpose
the most important reason for painting (in mild environments) and second most important reason outdoors is the decorative value of painting in producing pleasant and attractive surroundings
Appearance
painting purpose
these painted surfaces are generally relatively smooth and nonporous so that they are easily kept clean
sanitation and cleanliness
painting purpose
white and pastel colored paints, when applied to ceilings are highly efficient in natural and artificial light
illumination
painting purpose
Improved illumination and reduction of glare both aid markedly in improving efficiency of personnel in the area.
efficiency
painting purpose
increased illumination improves general visibility
visibility and safety
6 purposed of painting
protection appearance sanitation and cleanliness illumination efficiency visibility and safety
protective coatings also act as a _____: prevent _____ attachment ; reduce or increase ______; reduce _____, ______ or ____ heat; and most importantly prevent disintegration or failure of the substrate by various forms of corrosion.
barrier
fouling
friction
abrasion, reflect or absorb heat
protective linings may also be used to prevent ______ of the substrate, or prevent contamination of the liquid stored in the tank or vessel.
contamination
in 1995, it was commonly reported the estimated annual losses due to corrosion in the US 4.2% of GNP
$48 billion
______ coatings or lacquers, dry solely by the evaporation of the solvent (the resin is already in its final form) and there is no chemical or physical change in the nonvolatile portion of the coating that forms the film.
Thermoplastic
______ coatings dry or react in whole series of steps, thus undergoing a chemical and physical change in the process of film formation.
Conversion
The conversion reaction of an epoxy coating involves a _____ conversion or _____ _____ at ambient temperatures.
catalyst
cross linking
two-package polyurethanes form a film through the chemical reaction of either ____ or ______ modified urethane components with isocyanate reactive converter components.
acrylic or polyester
