chapter 1 coatings

Question 1

the earliest known paintings were made from naturally occuring _______ rubbed into the surface of a caves interior.

Answer 1

iron oxide

Question 2

First synthetic pigment ______ _____ was made from lime, sand, soda ash, and copper oxide heated together and ground to a relatively fine powder.

Answer 2

Egyptian Blue

Question 3

the first use of paint vehicles included ____ ____, ____ , _______ ,______ , and glue

Answer 3

gum arabic
egg-whites
gelatin
beeswax

Question 4

The first actual protective coatings, developed by Egyptians, involved the use of various _______ and ______ to coat their ships.

Answer 4

pitches

balsams

Question 5

the oldest known clear finish, ______ , was developed in Burma and Thailand.

Answer 5

Shellac

Question 6

One of the earlies , most effective coating systems consisted of a _____ _____-______ oil primer applied in ____ or more coats, followed by a linseed oil-_____ topcoat applied in ____ or more coats.

Answer 6

red lead-linseed
one
graphite
two

Question 7

The inorganic zinc coating (______ _____) was an Australian development, followed closely by an an American refinement involving the use of a post-curing solution rather that heat curing.

Answer 7

stoving grade

Question 8

Epoxy resins developed shortly after——-

Answer 8

world war II

Question 9

Polyurethane polymers were first created by Dr. ____ m_____ in 1937

Answer 9

Otto Bayer

Question 10

two component aliphatic polyurethane topcoats development occurred in the late _______

Answer 10

1970’s

Question 11

Titanium dioxide, introduced during world war I has ____ to ____ times the tinting strength and hiding power of earlier white pigments

Answer 11

5 to 10

Question 12

single component moisture-cured polyurethane were first used in the united states

Answer 12

Bridges in 1973

Question 13

paint may be defined as any _____ material containing drying oils alone or in combination with natural _____ and ______ which , when applied to a suitable substrate, will combine with oxygen from the air to form a _____ -_______ film over the substrate.

Answer 13

liquid
resins and pigments
solid continuous

Question 14

paint may also be defined as any liquid material containing ______ _____ of ______, _____ ____, or _____ or modifications thereof, in combination with pigments, _____, and _______, which when applied to a suitable substrate, will coalesce into a solid continuous film over the substrate, thus providing weather resistant , decorative surface.

Answer 14

aqueous dispersions
latex, polyvinyl acetate or acrylic
plasticizers and additives

Question 15

a protective coating is any material composed essentially of ____ resins or _____ silicate polymers, when, when applied to a suitable substrate, will provide a continuous coating that will resist _____ or _____ environments.

Answer 15

synthetic resins or inorganic

industrial or marine environments

Question 16

a protective coating may be formed solely by the _____ of solvents leaving a resinous film (Lacquer), by _____ or _____ _____ reaction(epoxy), by reaction with products in the air (____, _____, or _____ ____ coating), by coalescence (_____, _____,or ______), by heat as a hot melt (coal tar or asphalt), as a powder, which is ____ on the surface (____ ____ epoxy), or by applying a pre-formed sheet of _____ coating material over the structure (e.g., vinyl or polyethylene sheet.

Answer 16

evaporation
condensation or internal chemical reaction
alkyd polyurethane or inorganic zinc coating
emulsions, plastisols,or dispersions
melted fusion bonded epoxy
resinous

Question 17

painting purpose

the major consideration is preservation of the structure or equipment from the environment

Answer 17

protection

Question 18

painting purpose
the most important reason for painting (in mild environments) and second most important reason outdoors is the decorative value of painting in producing pleasant and attractive surroundings

Answer 18

Appearance

Question 19

painting purpose

these painted surfaces are generally relatively smooth and nonporous so that they are easily kept clean

Answer 19

sanitation and cleanliness

Question 20

painting purpose

white and pastel colored paints, when applied to ceilings are highly efficient in natural and artificial light

Answer 20

illumination

Question 21

painting purpose

Improved illumination and reduction of glare both aid markedly in improving efficiency of personnel in the area.

Answer 21

efficiency

Question 22

painting purpose

increased illumination improves general visibility

Answer 22

visibility and safety

Question 23

6 purposed of painting

Answer 23

protection
appearance
sanitation and cleanliness 
illumination
efficiency
visibility and safety

Question 24

protective coatings also act as a _____: prevent _____ attachment ; reduce or increase ______; reduce _____, ______ or ____ heat; and most importantly prevent disintegration or failure of the substrate by various forms of corrosion.

Answer 24

barrier
fouling
friction
abrasion, reflect or absorb heat

Question 25

protective linings may also be used to prevent ______ of the substrate, or prevent contamination of the liquid stored in the tank or vessel.

Answer 25

contamination

Question 26

in 1995, it was commonly reported the estimated annual losses due to corrosion in the US 4.2% of GNP

Answer 26

$48 billion

Question 27

______ coatings or lacquers, dry solely by the evaporation of the solvent (the resin is already in its final form) and there is no chemical or physical change in the nonvolatile portion of the coating that forms the film.

Answer 27

Thermoplastic

Question 28

______ coatings dry or react in whole series of steps, thus undergoing a chemical and physical change in the process of film formation.

Answer 28

Conversion

Question 29

The conversion reaction of an epoxy coating involves a _____ conversion or _____ _____ at ambient temperatures.

Answer 29

catalyst

cross linking

Question 30

two-package polyurethanes form a film through the chemical reaction of either ____ or ______ modified urethane components with isocyanate reactive converter components.

Answer 30

acrylic or polyester