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Child Development > Chapter 1 Child Development > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

Child Development

A

is an area of study devoted to understanding constancy and change from conception through adolescence. it is part of a larger interdisciplinary field knows as developmental science

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2
Q

developmental science

A

includes all changes we experience throughout the lifespan. research on child development has been stimulated both my scientific curiosity and by social pressures to better children’s lives.

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3
Q

The interdisciplinary study of development is often divided into three broad domains

A

physical, cognitive, and social emotional

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4
Q

Adolescent Development typically covers the ages of

A

11-18 years of age

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5
Q

which type of information gathering seems to be the most naturalistic

A

observations

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6
Q

which of the following theorists is associated with psychological theory, the lifespan nature of development?

A

Erik Erikson

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7
Q

which of the following theorists would not be considered an environmental factor affecting one’s development?

A

genetic make up

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8
Q

there are three phases which occur during prenatal development, what are they?

A

zygote, embryo, fetus

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9
Q

what are the three stages of natural childbirth?

A

dilation and effacement, birth, delivery of the placenta

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10
Q

about how much time do newborns spend sleeping?

A

50%

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11
Q

brain growth is a its peak during which stage of development?

A

early childhood

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12
Q

physical motor development is generally divided into two broad categories, which are

A

fine motor and gross motor skills

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13
Q

piaget developed a theory known as cognitive - development theory. what are the four identified stages f his theory?

A

sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations, formal operations

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14
Q

what is considered the first major milestone of language development

A

cooing and babbling

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15
Q

temperament would be most closely associated with which domain of development

A

emotional

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16
Q

_______ is the strong affectionate tie we have for special people in our lives that leads us to experience pleasure and joy when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress

A

Attachment

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17
Q

during what period of development does hand preference tend to emerge

A

early childhood

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18
Q

thinking about thought is the definition of which element of information processing theory?

A

metacognition

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19
Q

what is considered the most important step a parent can take to support their child’s language development

A

talk with their child

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20
Q

three forms of aggression emerge during early childhood years they are..

A

physical, verbal, and relational

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21
Q

obesity has become a major issue in the US and many other Western nations what percentage of school-age children are identified as obese today?

A

32%

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22
Q

during middle childhood, children’s ability to process information becomes

A

faster, more accurate, more logical

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23
Q

as class size declines academic achievement improves, true or false?

A

true

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24
Q

Erikson identified the psychological conflict of_____ occurring during middle childhood

A

industry vs. inferiority

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25
Q

the physical transition to adulthood is commonly known as

A

puberty

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26
Q

which of the following is not considered a risk factor for dropping out of high school?

A

stimulating classes

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27
Q

Three fundamental issues of development

A

continuous, discontinuous, or stages

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28
Q

interdisciplinary

A

large storehouse of information about child development

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29
Q

periods of development

A

prenatal, infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood

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30
Q

prenatal period

A

conception to birth

31
Q

infancy and toddlerhood period

A

birth to 2 years

32
Q

early childhood period

A

2 to 6 years

33
Q

middle childhood period

A

6 to 11 years

34
Q

adolescence period

A

11 to 18 years

35
Q

emerging adulthood period

A

18 to 25 years

36
Q

theory

A

an orderly integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior

37
Q

why are theories tools?

A

they guide and give meaning to what we see, they help us understand development, we are in a better position once we know how to improve the welfare and treatment of children

38
Q

scientific verification

A

the theory must be tested using a fair set of research procedures agreed on by the scientific community, and it’s findings must endure, or be replicated over time.

39
Q

continuous development

A

a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with.

40
Q

discontinuous development

A

a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times

41
Q

stages

A

qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize specific periods of development

42
Q

nature

A

inborn biological givens

43
Q

nurture

A

the complex forces of the physical and social world that influences our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth

44
Q

stability

A

children who are high or low in a characteristic (such as verbal ability, anxiety, or socialility) will remain so at later age.

45
Q

plasticity

A

open to change in response to influntial experiences.

46
Q

psychoanalytic perspective

A

children move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expections. how these conflicts are resolved determines the person’s ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety

47
Q

Freud’s psychosexual theory

A

emphasizes that how parents manage their child’s sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development

48
Q

three parts of personality according to Freud

A

id, ego, superego

49
Q

id

A

largest portion of the mind, is the source of basic biological needs and desires.

50
Q

ego

A

the conscious rational part of personality, emerges in early infancy to redirect the id’s impulses so that they are discharged in acceptable ways

51
Q

superego

A

between ages 3 and 6, also called the conscience, develops through interactions with parents, who insist that children conform to the values of society.

52
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial theory

A

emphasized that in addition to mediating between id impulses and superego demands, the ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes, and skills that make the individual an active, contributing member of society

53
Q

chromosomes

A

store and transmit genetic information. 46 of them total 23 mom and 23 dad

54
Q

genes

A

segments of DNA located along the chromosomes

55
Q

DNA

A

substance of which genes and chromosomes are made

56
Q

twin types

A

granternal/dizgotic,identical/monozygotic

57
Q

fraternal/dizygotic twins

A

two zygotes, or fertilized ova

58
Q

identical/monozygotic twins

A

one zygote that divides into two individuals

59
Q

5 environmental contexts for development

A

family, socioeconomic status,neighborhoods, towns and cities, cultural context

60
Q

three phases of development during pregnancy

A

zygote, embryo, fetus

61
Q

zygote

A

weeks 1-2, the one celled zygote multiples and forms a blastocyst, forms into the uterine lining

62
Q

embryo

A

3-4, 5-8 weeks, brain, spine, heart, muscles, ribs, backbone, and stomach form, body structures, sense of touch begins to develop and the embryo starts to move.

63
Q

fetus

A

9-12 weeks, movement can be felt by the mother, brains neurons form, fetus reacts to sounds.

64
Q

teratogen

A

any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.

65
Q

genetic factors that could hurt babies in the belly

A

emotional stress, blood incompatilbity, material age, other births

66
Q

environmental factors that could hurt the babies

A

drugs, tobacco, pollution,

67
Q

types of births

A

natural or prepared, home delivery, induced labor, cesarean delivery, instrument delivery

68
Q

natural or prepared

A

no drugs, calming

69
Q

home delivery

A

at home, with no doctor,

70
Q

induced labor

A

doctor breaks water in order for child to be born

71
Q

cesarean delivery

A

c section, cut open child pulled out

72
Q

instrument delivery

A

forceps or vacuum can be used to get child out.

73
Q

factors of low birth weight

A

preterm, small placenta, bad nutirtion, twins

74
Q

reflex

A

a in born response to stimuli, need to be simulated in order for them to learn

Child Development (2 decks)

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