Chapter 1: Chemical Urinalysis Flashcards
Chemical analysis of urine is performed to?
Monitor or detect certain common health conditions.
What is the chemical examination of urine is done using a?
Reagent test strip.
What is the Test Strip?
A narrow strip of plastic on which pads contain reagents for different reactions are attached.
How is a Reagent Test Strip is done?
Strip is immersed in the urien sample the change color is compared to the corresponding color chart on the bottle label.
What is Glycosuria?
The condition of glucose in urine.
What happens is blood glucose levels are too high?
Glucose will spill over into the urine.
What is the main cause of Glycosuria?
Diabetes mellitus.
What is ketonuria?
The presence of Ketones in urine.
Ketones are byproducts formed whenever the body breaks down fat for?
Energy rather than carbohydrates or sugars.
Causes of Ketonuria are?
Diabetes mellitus, starvation and diarrhea.
What is Hematuria?
The presence of blood in urine.
What are the causes of Hematuria?
Almost always pathological and include kidney stones, tumors, urinary tract infections and prostatitis.
What does pH determines?
If the urine is alkaline or acidic.
What is normal urine pH?
Slightly acidic at 6.0 in a range of 5 (very acidic) to 8.5 (highly alkaline).
Bacterial infections increase alkalinity in what range?
7-8 range.
What is Proteinuria?
The presence of protein in the urine.
Proteinuria can have a non-pathological basis such as?
Exercise or acute emotional stress.
Any consistent presence of protein in urine is of concern for?
Renal disease, bacterial toxins, or chemical poisons.
What is Bilirubinuria?
The presence of bilirubin in urine.
Bilirubin comes from?
The breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
What are the causes of Bilirubin?
Cirrhosis, hepatitis or obstruction of the bile duct.
When does Nitrite forms in urine?
When certain pathogenic bacteria are present (bacteriuria).
What is the cause of Nitrite?
Usually a urinary tract infection.
What is Pyuria?
(pus in the urine) the presence of leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine.
What is the primary cause of Pyuria?
A urinary tract infection.
Urobilinogen is a substance formed when?
Bacteria in the digestive tract breaks down bilirubin.
Urobilinogen is mainly excreted in?
the stool but small amounts excreted in urine can be caused by hemolytic anemia or liver diseases.
What does Specific Gravity of urine indicates?
Concentration of solids dissolved in urine such as phosphates, chlorides, proteins, glucose and urea.
