Chapter 1: Chemical Urinalysis

Question 1

Chemical analysis of urine is performed to?

Answer 1

Monitor or detect certain common health conditions.

Question 2

What is the chemical examination of urine is done using a?

Answer 2

Reagent test strip.

Question 3

What is the Test Strip?

Answer 3

A narrow strip of plastic on which pads contain reagents for different reactions are attached.

Question 4

How is a Reagent Test Strip is done?

Answer 4

Strip is immersed in the urien sample the change color is compared to the corresponding color chart on the bottle label.

Question 5

What is Glycosuria?

Answer 5

The condition of glucose in urine.

Question 6

What happens is blood glucose levels are too high?

Answer 6

Glucose will spill over into the urine.

Question 7

What is the main cause of Glycosuria?

Answer 7

Diabetes mellitus.

Question 8

What is ketonuria?

Answer 8

The presence of Ketones in urine.

Question 9

Ketones are byproducts formed whenever the body breaks down fat for?

Answer 9

Energy rather than carbohydrates or sugars.

Question 10

Causes of Ketonuria are?

Answer 10

Diabetes mellitus, starvation and diarrhea.

Question 11

What is Hematuria?

Answer 11

The presence of blood in urine.

Question 12

What are the causes of Hematuria?

Answer 12

Almost always pathological and include kidney stones, tumors, urinary tract infections and prostatitis.

Question 13

What does pH determines?

Answer 13

If the urine is alkaline or acidic.

Question 14

What is normal urine pH?

Answer 14

Slightly acidic at 6.0 in a range of 5 (very acidic) to 8.5 (highly alkaline).

Question 15

Bacterial infections increase alkalinity in what range?

Answer 15

7-8 range.

Question 16

What is Proteinuria?

Answer 16

The presence of protein in the urine.

Question 17

Proteinuria can have a non-pathological basis such as?

Answer 17

Exercise or acute emotional stress.

Question 18

Any consistent presence of protein in urine is of concern for?

Answer 18

Renal disease, bacterial toxins, or chemical poisons.

Question 19

What is Bilirubinuria?

Answer 19

The presence of bilirubin in urine.

Question 20

Bilirubin comes from?

Answer 20

The breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 21

What are the causes of Bilirubin?

Answer 21

Cirrhosis, hepatitis or obstruction of the bile duct.

Question 22

When does Nitrite forms in urine?

Answer 22

When certain pathogenic bacteria are present (bacteriuria).

Question 23

What is the cause of Nitrite?

Answer 23

Usually a urinary tract infection.

Question 24

What is Pyuria?

Answer 24

(pus in the urine) the presence of leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine.

Question 25

What is the primary cause of Pyuria?

Answer 25

A urinary tract infection.

Question 26

Urobilinogen is a substance formed when?

Answer 26

Bacteria in the digestive tract breaks down bilirubin.

Question 27

Urobilinogen is mainly excreted in?

Answer 27

the stool but small amounts excreted in urine can be caused by hemolytic anemia or liver diseases.

Question 28

What does Specific Gravity of urine indicates?

Answer 28

Concentration of solids dissolved in urine such as phosphates, chlorides, proteins, glucose and urea.